Unit 4 Flashcards
What are the 3 steps of cellular communication?
Reception, transduction, and response
What is a reception?
Ligand binds to a protein receptor- causes shape change and transduction
What is a ligand?
A signal molecule
How is a steroid hormone released?
Simple diffusion
Where is a steroid hormone’s receptor going to be?
Intracellular
How will a protein signal molecule be released?
Endocytosis
Where will a protein signal molecule’s receptor be?
Extracellular
What is transduction?
A signal cascade which takes the signal from the receptor to the target cell
Does transduction amplify signals?
Often times, yes
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
Protein kinase phosphorylate relay molecules
What is a secondary messenger?
A molecule which moves through the cytosol to transport a signal (Ca+, and cAMP)
What might transduction lead to?
Cell growth, molecule secretion, gene expression, apoptosis
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase and M-phase
Subcategories of interphase (cell cycle)
G1, S, G2, G0
Subcategories of M-phase (cell cycle)
Mitosis (PMAT), and cytokinesis
What does the G1 checkpoint accomplish?
Determines whether or not the cell should carry out division
What does the G2 checkpoint accomplish?
Checks that all of the DNA is replicated and not damaged
What does the M checkpoint accomplish?
Ensures sister chromatids are attached to the spindle fibers
