Unit 2

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

The variety of life at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels

Question 2

Genetic diversity

Answer 2

Variation of genes within a species

Question 3

Species diversity

Answer 3

Number of species in an area

Question 4

Ecosystem diversity

Answer 4

Variety of ecosystems in a region

Question 5

Population bottleneck

Answer 5

Dramatic reduction in population size

Question 6

Minimum viable population

Answer 6

Smallest population needed to avoid extinction

Question 7

Generalist species

Answer 7

Broad niche, wide diet, adaptable

Question 8

Raccoon

Answer 8

Omnivore, generalist

Question 9

Specialist species

Answer 9

Narrow niche, specific diet or habitat

Question 10

Giant panda

Answer 10

Eats bamboo, lives in bamboo forests

Question 11

Species richness

Answer 11

Number of species in a community

Question 12

Cultural benefits

Answer 12

Ecotourism, recreation, spiritual value

Question 13

Provisioning benefits

Answer 13

Food, water, fiber, medicine

Question 14

Regulating benefits

Answer 14

Pest control, pollination, climate regulation

Question 15

Supporting benefits

Answer 15

Nutrient cycling, soil formation, primary productivity

Question 16

Island

Answer 16

Isolated habitat surrounded by unsuitable areas

Question 17

Island biogeography study

Answer 17

Species richness on isolated islands

Question 18

Theory of island biogeography

Answer 18

Species # = immigration vs. extinction

Question 19

Degree of isolation

Answer 19

Distance from mainland

Question 20

Habitat fragmentation

Answer 20

Habitat broken into smaller pieces

Question 21

Edge effect

Answer 21

Altered conditions at habitat boundaries

Question 22

Law of tolerance

Answer 22

Species survive within environmental limits

Question 23

Ecosystem

Answer 23

Community of organisms + environment interaction

Question 24

Episodic process

Answer 24

Occasional, irregular events

Question 25

Periodic process

Answer 25

Regular, repeated events

Question 26

Random process

Answer 26

No predictable pattern

Question 27

Adaptation

Answer 27

Organism’s adjustment to environment

Question 28

Behavioral adaptation

Answer 28

Instincts, mating, vocalizations

Question 29

Physiological adaptation

Answer 29

Body functions, temperature control, digestion

Question 30

Structural adaptation

Answer 30

Physical features like body coverings

Question 31

Ecological succession

Answer 31

Gradual change in species composition over time

Question 32

Facilitation

Answer 32

One species makes environment better for another

Question 33

Inhibition

Answer 33

One species makes environment worse for another

Question 34

Tolerance

Answer 34

Species unaffected by presence of others

Question 35

Pioneer species

Answer 35

First species to colonize, usually generalists

Question 36

r-strategists

Answer 36

Fast maturation, many offspring, short lifespan, generalists

Question 37

K-strategists

Answer 37

Slow maturation, few offspring, long lifespan, specialists

Question 38

Primary succession

Answer 38

Development of ecosystem on bare rock

Question 39

Secondary succession

Answer 39

Recovery of ecosystem after disturbance

Question 40

Ecological disturbance

Answer 40

Event causing mortality and ecosystem change

Question 41

Succession

Answer 41

Directional change in species composition after disturbance

Question 42

Keystone species

Answer 42

Critical species maintaining ecosystem structure

Question 43

Indicator species

Answer 43

Species indicating ecosystem health or conditions

Question 44

Global warming

Answer 44

Main cause of current sea level rise

Question 45

0.3

Answer 45

Sea-level rise from melting glaciers and ice sheets

Question 46

0.3

Answer 46

Sea-level rise from thermal expansion of oceans

Question 47

0.4

Answer 47

Sea-level rise from coastal land subsidence

Question 48

Short-term adaptations

Answer 48

Temporary, non-inherited responses to environment

Question 49

Long-term adaptations

Answer 49

Inherited genetic changes through natural selection

Question 50

Early stages of succession

Answer 50

Low productivity due to few producers

Question 51

Later stages of succession

Answer 51

Productivity balances respiration near climax