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APES > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fossil fuels

A

formed from once-living organisms, take thousands of years

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2
Q

Natural gas

A

formed from marine organisms, cleaner than coal and oil

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3
Q

Impurities

A

removed from syngas before combustion, lower emissions

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4
Q

Dams

A

destroy habitats, block fish migration

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5
Q

Energy

A

capacity for doing work, transferred in systems

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6
Q

Sun

A

source of energy for most life on Earth

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7
Q

Chemical energy

A

stored in molecular bonds

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8
Q

Electrical energy

A

from motion of electrons

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9
Q

Electromagnetic energy

A

travels by waves

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10
Q

Mechanical energy

A

potential + kinetic energy

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11
Q

Potential energy

A

stored energy

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12
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy in motion

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13
Q

Nuclear energy

A

stored in atomic nuclei, released by fission/fusion

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14
Q

Thermal energy

A

molecular movement energy

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15
Q

British thermal unit (Btu)

A

heat to raise 1 lb water 1°F

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16
Q

Btu/hr

A

unit of power for air conditioning

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17
Q

Horsepower (HP)

A

used in automobiles

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18
Q

Kilowatt hour (kWh)

A

unit of energy usage

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19
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

energy conserved, not created/destroyed

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20
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

system work < heat supplied

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21
Q

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

thermal equilibrium transitive property

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22
Q

Renewable energy

A

naturally replenished on human timescale

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23
Q

Nonrenewable energy

A

slow formation, not sustainable

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24
Q

Peat

A

partially decayed wetland vegetation

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25
Coal
formed from peat under heat and pressure
26
Lignite
brown coal, harmful to health
27
Bituminous
fuel for steam-electric power
28
Anthracite
used for heating
29
Clean coal
technology to reduce emissions
30
Carbon capture and storage
CO2 pumped underground
31
Oil
fossil fuel from buried organic material
32
Cogeneration
electricity + heat generated simultaneously
33
Baghouse filters
fabric filters for particulates
34
Burning pulverized coal
coal powder injected into firebox
35
Coal gasification
turns coal into syngas
36
Cyclone separator
removes particulates by spinning
37
Electrostatic precipitator
removes fine particles using charge
38
Fluidized-bed combustion
excess air for cleaner coal burning
39
Scrubbers
chemical injection to remove acidic gases
40
Sorbents
convert gaseous pollutants for removal
41
Law of Supply
price up → supply up
42
Law of Demand
price up → demand down
43
Methane Hydrates
methane in low temp, high pressure deposits
44
Oil shale
rock with organic compounds for oil
45
Synfuels
fuels from coal, natural gas, biomass conversion
46
Tar sands
bitumen-rich semi-solid oil
47
Hydraulic fracturing
fracking with water, sand, chemicals
48
Nuclear Meltdown
core damage from overheating
49
U-235
<1% of natural uranium
50
Critical Mass
minimum U-235 for chain reaction
51
U-238
most common uranium isotope, half-life 4.5 billion years
52
Pu-239
produced from U-238, half-life 24,000 years
53
Core
contains up to 50,000 fuel rods
54
Fuel
enriched U-235
55
Control rods
absorb neutrons, slow reaction
56
Moderator
slow neutrons for chain reaction
57
Coolant
removes heat, produces steam
58
Biomass
living material burned for steam
59
Anaerobic digestion
microbes produce methane without oxygen
60
Biofuel
liquid fuel from living organisms
61
Solar energy
radiant energy from sun
62
Passive solar heating
heat absorbed by building materials
63
Residential photovoltaic
solar panels + inverter + battery
64
Dams
trap water, generate electricity
65
Wind turbines
use wind to generate electricity
66
Wind Farms
clusters of wind turbines
67
Phantom Load
energy used by off appliances
68
Cogeneration system
combined heat and power
69
Combustion
fossil fuel burning reaction
70
Nuclear Fission
atomic nuclei splitting
71
Nuclear Plant
reactor generating electricity
72
Anaerobic Digester
breaks down organic waste
73
Hydroelectric Dam
generates power from water flow
74
Geothermal Plant
uses earth's heat for power
75
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
combines hydrogen and oxygen for electricity

APES (9 decks)

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