Unit 7

Question 1

Antarctica

Answer 1

nearly constant temperature inversion

Question 2

Air pollution

Answer 2

harmful substances introduced into atmosphere

Question 3

Parts per million (ppm)

Answer 3

common unit for air pollutants

Question 4

Primary Pollutants

Answer 4

emitted directly into air

Question 5

Secondary Pollutants

Answer 5

formed by reaction of primary pollutants

Question 6

Point source pollution

Answer 6

obvious identifiable source

Question 7

Non-point source pollution

Answer 7

widespread or multiple sources

Question 8

Criteria air pollutants

Answer 8

eight major pollutants causing smog, acid rain

Question 9

Industrial smog

Answer 9

sulfur-based, gray smog

Question 10

Carbon monoxide

Answer 10

colorless, odorless gas from partial combustion

Question 11

Lead

Answer 11

used in construction, batteries, bullets, radiation shields

Question 12

Nitrogen Oxide

Answer 12

includes nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide

Question 13

Nitrous oxide

Answer 13

major pollutant, increased since 1750

Question 14

Ozone

Answer 14

chemical formula O3, secondary pollutant at ground level

Question 15

Tropospheric ozone

Answer 15

localized effects, not global

Question 16

Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PANs)

Answer 16

secondary pollutants

Question 17

Sulfuric Dioxide

Answer 17

colorless gas, forms acid in water

Question 18

Suspended particulate matter (PMx)

Answer 18

microscopic solid/liquid in atmosphere

Question 19

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Answer 19

organic chemicals with high vapor pressure

Question 20

Photochemical smog

Answer 20

UV-catalyzed, nitrogen-based brown smog

Question 21

Thermal inversions

Answer 21

air temperature rises with altitude

Question 22

“Sick building” syndrome (SBS)

Answer 22

illness linked to indoor environments

Question 23

Asbestos

Answer 23

insulating and fireproofing agent, inexpensive and durable

Question 24

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 24

blocks oxygen transport in blood

Question 25

Formaldehyde

Answer 25

organic carcinogen linked to lung cancer

Question 26

Radon

Answer 26

radioactive gas from radium decay in rocks

Question 27

Cigarette smoke

Answer 27

contains 5,000 chemicals, including carcinogens

Question 28

Catalytic converter

Answer 28

converts toxic exhaust gases to less harmful

Question 29

Catalyst

Answer 29

stimulates combustion by-product conversion

Question 30

Acid deposition

Answer 30

acidic wet/dry deposits from sulfur and nitrogen

Question 31

Dry deposition

Answer 31

acids settle as dust/smoke on surfaces

Question 32

Wet deposition

Answer 32

acid rain, fog, snow

Question 33

Acid rain

Answer 33

acidifies lakes and streams

Question 34

Acid shock

Answer 34

sudden acid concentration rise from melting snow

Question 35

Urban heat islands

Answer 35

cities warmer than surrounding areas

Question 36

Street Canyon

Answer 36

streets flanked by buildings creating canyon effect

Question 37

Noise pollution

Answer 37

unwanted human-made sound pollution

Question 38

Sensory hearing loss

Answer 38

inner ear damage from noise exposure

Question 39

Sulfur dioxide

Answer 39

source of acid deposition, from burning fossil fuels

Question 40

6 A.M.–9 A.M.

Answer 40

nitrogen oxides and VOCs increase during commute

Question 41

9 A.M.–11 A.M.

Answer 41

nitrogen oxides and VOCs react, form NO2

Question 42

11 A.M.–4 P.M.

Answer 42

sunlight breaks NO2, increases ozone (O3)

Question 43

4 P.M.–Sunset

Answer 43

ozone production stops as sun sets

Question 44

Three way converter

Answer 44

converts three main pollutants in gasoline vehicles