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APES > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Survivorship curves

A

Show age distribution, reproductive strategies, life history

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2
Q

Reproductive success

A

Number of organisms that mature and reproduce

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3
Q

Carrying capacity (K)

A

Max sustainable population size

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4
Q

Population dispersal pattern

A

Distribution of individuals over space/time

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5
Q

Clumped

A

Dense patches, uneven distribution

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6
Q

Random

A

Even resources, unpredictable distribution

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7
Q

Uniform

A

Even spacing to reduce competition

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8
Q

Biotic potential

A

Max reproductive capacity under ideal conditions

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9
Q

Environmental resistance

A

Factors limiting population growth

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10
Q

J-Curve

A

Exponential growth then sudden stop due to resistance

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11
Q

S-Curve

A

Growth slows and stabilizes near carrying capacity

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12
Q

Limiting factor

A

Resource or condition restricting population size

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13
Q

Density-dependent factors

A

Limit population based on density (e.g., disease)

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14
Q

Density-independent factors

A

Limit population regardless of density (e.g., weather)

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15
Q

Rule of 70

A

Estimate doubling time by dividing 70 by growth rate

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16
Q

Doubling time

A

Time for population to double size

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17
Q

Age-structure diagrams

A

Show population distribution by age and sex

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18
Q

Pyramid shape

A

High birth rates, growing population

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19
Q

Bell shape

A

Balanced age groups, stable population

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20
Q

Urn shape

A

Low birth rates, declining population

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21
Q

Total fertility rate (TFR)

A

Average children per woman lifetime

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22
Q

Earth Wisdom

A

Natural cycles as models for human behavior

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23
Q

Frontier Worldview

A

Resources to exploit, land to conquer

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24
Q

Planetary Management

Study These Flashcards
A

Humans control Earth and its resources

25
Demographic transition
Shift from high birth/death rates to low rates
26
Stage 1 Pre-Industrial
High birth/death rates, low growth
27
Stage 2 Transitional
Death rates drop, birth rates high, rapid growth
28
Stage 3 Industrial
Birth rates fall, growth slows
29
Stage 4 Post-Industrial
Low birth/death rates, stable or declining growth
30
Stage 5 Sub-Replacement
Birth rates below death rates, population decline
31
Birth Rate Formula
Births/total population × 100
32
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
(births/population) × 1,000
33
Death Rate Formula
Deaths/total population × 100
34
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
(deaths/population) × 1,000
35
Doubling Time Formula
70 / % growth rate
36
Emigration
Number leaving population
37
Immigration
Number entering population
38
Global Population Growth
(CBR – CDR) / 10
39
National Population Growth
(CBR + immigration) – (CDR + emigration) / 10
40
Percent Rate of Change
[(new - old) / old] × 100
41
Population Density
Population size / area
42
Liebig’s law of minimum
Growth limited by scarcest resource
43
Positive feedback loops
Amplify changes, cause rapid shifts
44
Negative feedback loops
Stabilize system, regulate populations
45
Density-dependent growth
Population growth depends on density
46
Density-independent growth
Growth limited regardless of population size
47
Type I survivorship
Late loss, low infant mortality, high old-age death
48
Type II survivorship
Constant loss, uniform death rate across ages
49
Type III survivorship
Early loss, high infant mortality, few survive
50
r-strategists
Many offspring, low care, fast maturation, short-lived
51
r-strategists
Population limited by density-independent factors
52
r-strategists
Type III survivorship, prey species
53
K-strategists
Few offspring, high care, slow maturation, long-lived
54
K-strategists
Population limited by density-dependent factors
55
K-strategists
Type I or II survivorship, predators/prey
56
Generalists
Use many resources, adaptable, high tolerance
57
Generalists
Better survival with environmental change
58
Specialists
Use specific resources, low tolerance
59
Specialists
High extinction risk with environmental change

APES (9 decks)

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