Unit 2.1 Tissue Level, Epithelial and Connective

Question 1

Type of tissue derived from Endoderm

Answer 1

Epithelial

Question 2

Type of tissue derived from Mesoderm

Answer 2

Epithelial, connective and muscular

Question 3

Type of tissue derived from Ectoderm

Answer 3

Epithelial and nervous

Question 4

Epithelial tissue def

Answer 4

covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts, and forms glands. It allows interaction with external and internal environments.

Question 5

Connective tissue

Answer 5

protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity.

Question 6

Muscle tissue

Answer 6

Responsible for movement and generation of force and heat

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

Initiates and transmits action potentials that help coordinate body activity

Question 8

General characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 8

Many cells with tight cellular cohesion arranged in either single or multiple layers
Avascular
Innervation
Polarization
Constantly renews itself
Moist surface due to presence of secretions like mucus, except in epidermis

Question 9

Ectoderm def

Answer 9

The ectoderm is the outer layer of the cells of an embryo. The ectoderm cells differentiate into cells that form a number of external structures.

Question 10

In what does the ectoderm differentiate

Answer 10

The sensory epithelia of the eye, ear, and nose.
Lining of anterior tongue, hard palate and sides of the mouth.
The epidermis and its appendages (the nails and hair)

Question 11

In what does the mesoderm differentiate

Answer 11

Ureter
Endocardium
Tubular renal epithelium

Question 12

In what does the endoderm differentiate

Answer 12

Lining of posterior tongue, soft palate and floor of the mouth.
Female and male urethra.
Biliary tree, liver.
Epithelial lining of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

Question 13

Urethra

Answer 13

Tube through which the urine leaves the body

Question 14

Ureter

Answer 14

Carries urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 15

Free surface of epithelium, exposed to the outside

Answer 15

Apical surface

Question 16

Attached surface

Answer 16

Basal surface

Question 17

On the lateral surface are present..

Answer 17

Tight junctions
Adherens junction
Desmosomes
Gap junction

Question 18

Tight junction

Answer 18

Impermeable junctions prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space.
Couture

Question 19

Desmosome

Answer 19

Anchoring junctions bind adjacent cells together like a molecular “Velcro”.
And because they also link intracellularly to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton they form the adhesive bonds in a network that gives mechanical strength to tissues.

Question 20

What protein attaches desmosomes to one another

Answer 20

Cadherins

Question 21

Gap junctions

Answer 21

Communicating junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass for intercellular communication.

Question 22

Specialized structures on apical surface

Answer 22

Microvilli (like intestinal brush border)
Cilia

Question 23

Where is located cilia

Answer 23

Bronchus in lungs and fallopian tube

Question 24

Hemidesmosomes

Answer 24

multiprotein complexes that facilitate the stable adhesion of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane.

Question 25

Microvili function

Answer 25

enhance the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the cell

Question 26

Basement membrane made of two layers

Answer 26

Basal lamina Reticular lamina

Question 27

Basal lamina

Answer 27

Closer to and secreted from epithelial cells. Contains laminin, integrins, collagen, glycoproteins…..

Question 28

Reticular lamina

Answer 28

Closer to and secreted by connective tissue cells. Reticular fibers and collagen too.

Question 29

Function basement membrane

Answer 29

Guidance for cell migration during development and wound healing. Attachment and support for epithelium. Restriction of passage of large molecules between epithelium and connective tissue.

Question 30

General functions of epithelium

Answer 30

Protection: covering and lining epithelium (epidermis, gastric epithelium). Absorption: simple epithelium (small intestine...). Diffusion: endothelium, lung alveoli epithelium. Secretion: glandular epithelium (mucus, enzymes, sweat...).

Question 31

Specific functions

Answer 31

Sensory reception: olfactory neuroepithelium, taste bud epithelium. Transport: respiratory epithelium, fallopian tubes epithelium. Contractile: sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands. Excretion: renal epithelium, sweat gland. Lubrication of surfaces (secretion: serous and mucous glands. Reduction of visceral friction (protection): serous membranes or mesothelium (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)

Question 32

Why is there cilia in fallopian tube

Answer 32

The flow created carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus

Question 33

Serous membrane + types of serous membranes

Answer 33

a mesothelial tissue which lines certain internal cavities of the body, secreting a body fluid to reduce friction from muscle mvt Pleura Peritoneum Pericardium

Question 34

Pleura

Answer 34

A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity. It protects and cushions the lungs.

Question 35

Peritoneum

Answer 35

a membrane, a sheet of smooth tissue that lines your abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds your abdominal organs

Question 36

Pericardium

Answer 36

A protective, fluid-filled sac that surrounds your heart

Question 37

Endocardium

Answer 37

Innermost layer of the heart

Question 38

Biliary tree

Answer 38

System of vessels that drains waist from liver to duodenum ( first part of the small intestine )

Question 39

Endothelium

Answer 39

Inner cellular lining of blood vessels

Question 40

Mesothelial membrane

Answer 40

Derived from mesoderm