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Anatomy > Unit 4.2 Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Unit 4.2 Bone Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of tissue is the bone tissue + compo

A

Connective tissue
Contains cells, gel and fibers

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2
Q

Function of bone tissue

A

Protection, support and housing unit of minerals

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3
Q

Types of cells in bone tissue

A

Osteoprogenitors
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

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4
Q

Osteoprogenitors def, other name and location

A

Stem cells of the bony tissue, produce osteoblasts. Only cells with the capacity to divide.
Found in the inner layer of periosteum, in endosteum and inner surface of harvesian canals.
Also called osteogenic cells

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5
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Building cells
Release osteoids around them and become trapped -> mature into osteocytes

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6
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Giant multinucleated cells that derive from fused monocytes(macrophages).

  • Ruffled border: Important in bone resorption (breakdown of
    bone matrix).
  • They secrete lysosomal enzymes and acids to digest and
    reabsorb extracellular bone matrix (clear zone).
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7
Q

Osteocytes def and location

A

Mature bone cell that maintains the bone tissue
Located in lacunae

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8
Q

Inorganic part of the bone

A

Hydroxyapatite

Ca₅(PO₄)₃

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9
Q

Gel made of…

A

Glycoproteins and GAGs

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10
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Compact or Cortical bone
Spongy bone

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11
Q

Compact bone

A

Continuous solid mass, where small spaces can be appreciated only with a microscope. It consists of closely packed osteons.

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12
Q

Spongy bone compo, location, function

A

-Does not contain osteons.
It consists of trabeculae
surrounding many spaces filled with red marrow.

-It forms most of the structure of short, flat, and irregular bones, and the epiphyses of long bones.

-Spongy bone tissue is light and supports and protects the red bone marrow

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13
Q

Spongy bone also called…

A

Trabecular or cancellous bone

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14
Q

Hollow center of a long bone

A

Medullary cavity

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15
Q

What contains the medullary cavity in adults

A

Blood vessels and yellow bone marrow (fat)

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16
Q

What contains the medullary cavity in infants

A

Red bone marrow

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17
Q

Lacunae

A

Tiny gaps where lamellae meet, filled with osteocytes

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18
Q

Lacunae are connected by

A

Canals called Canaliculus

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19
Q

Where are central canals not present

A

In the spongy bone

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20
Q

Vertical canals that contain blood vessels and nerves (2names)

A

Central or harvesian canal

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21
Q

Endostieum

A

Inner part of the bone
Layer containing primitive stem cells
Thin membrane that lines medullary cavity and trabecullae. It contains only one layer of osteogenic cells and a small amount of connective tissue.

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22
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrane covering bones (except articular surface and the insertion zone for ligaments and tendons):
- Fibrous layer (external): dense irregular connective tissue and blood vessels
- Osteogenic layer (internal): osteogenic cells and blood vessels.

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23
Q

What types of cells are in the spongy bone

A

Osteoprogenitors producing osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

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24
Q

Inner layer of periostrium is made of

A

Osteoblasts so bone is built form the inside and the outside

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25
Is bone vascularized
Yes unlike the cartilage
26
Structure of short, irregular and flat bones What other structure is present with them
- Thin plates of spongy bone covered by compact laminar bone :DIPLOE - no well-defined cavity for the bone marrow - Hyaline cartilage covers surface involved with joints
27
Long bone structure
Contains tubular shaft called diaphysis and two ends Cartilage covers the joint surface for cushion and stress absorption
28
Epiphysis def
Ends of the long bone Proximal : closest to the attachment site Distal : further
29
Epiphyseal line
Was cartilage in childhood but becomes bone at the end of growth
30
Ossification of the epiphyseal line is called
Epiphyseal closure
31
Skeletal system is made of…
Bones and associated cartilage (with ligaments and tendons)
32
Organ def
Set of tissues performing different functions
33
Each individual bone is an organ made of osseous tissue and:
- Connective tissue: cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood forming tissues, adipose tissue. - Epithelial tissue. - Nervous tissue.
34
How is the formation of bone called
Osteogenesis
35
Destruction of bone
Bone resorption
36
Functions of bone and skeletal system
• Support and protection of soft tissues (rib cage, skull). • Movement: attachment site for muscles (tendons attach muscles to bones). • Mineral homeostasis: storage of minerals (calcium & phosphate). • Hematopoiesis: blood cell production in red bone marrow • Energy storage: yellow bone marrow (adipocytes).
37
Long bones ex
Femur Phalanges
38
Ex flat bone
Skull Scapula Ribs
39
Ex short bone
Tarsal and carpal bones
40
Sesamoid ex
Patella
41
Irregular ex
Vertebra Ethmoid (in the nose)
42
Sesamoid function
Sesamoid bones relieve tension within muscles and tendons, allowing for increased weight-bearing and tolerance by redistributing forces throughout a muscle or tendon
43
Epiphysis compo
Spongy bone + red bone marrow
44
Metaphysis
the area between the epiphysis and diaphysis and includes the epiphyseal plate in growing bones.
45
Articular cartilage
Hyaline over joint surfaces acts as friction reducer & shock absorber.
46
Osteoid matrix def
Before the extracellular matrix of bone is calcified, the tissue is called osteoid matrix
47
Fibres of bone tissue and percentage of the matrix
Collagen type I 25% of the matrix
48
Percentage of water in ground bone matrix
25%
49
Which bone cells share the same lineage
Osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteocytes Osteoclasts come from macrophage lineage
50
Calcified extracellular matrix compo
tensile and light compression resistance: elasticity. • 25% Organic matrix: - Collagen I (90%) - Proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, osteocalcin.... • 75% Inorganic matrix: - 25% water - 50% crystallized mineral salts
51
What do osteoblasts release
non collagenous proteins such as : - the hormone osteocalcin, - the glycoproteins osteonectin, sialoprotein I and II - enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and collagenase - collagen type I fibres
52
Inorganic mineral salts what are they + function
Bone's hardness. - Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide) - Calcium carbonate CaCO3 - Minerals: calcium, magnesium, fluoride, potassium.
53
Collagen fibers organisation and function
- Woven into a flexible framework. - They provide bone with great tensile strength. - Important for matrix calcification which only occurs in the presence of collagen fibres.
54
Where is the cancellous bone not present in long bones
Diaphesis
55
What type of bone tissue is found in short bones
Middle: spongy bone tissue Periphery: compact bone tissue.
56
What type of bone tissue is found in flat bone
Sandwich Two layers of compact bone tissue: external and internal layers separated by spongy bone tissue (diploë).
57
What type of bone tissue is found in long bones
In epiphyses: spongy bone tissue with a thin superficial layer of compact bone tissue. Diaphysis: compact bone and medullary cavity.
58
What type of bone tissue is found in irregular bones
Inside: spongy bone. Outer layer: thin compact bone
59
Function osteogenic layer
Bone growth and fracture repair
60
Function fibrous layer
- Anchors periosteum to the subjacent bone through perforating bundles of collagen fibres (perforating or Sharpey's fibres). - Bone irrigation (blood vessels enter through the Volkmann's canals).
61
Function of Endosteum
Osteogenic and hemapoietic
62
Location of Endosteum
Vascularized cavities in the bone: - Medullary cavity (within the diaphysis of long bones). - Volkmann's and Haversian canal of compact bone. - Within the cavities of spongy bone.
63
What cells can we observe in the cavities within the Endosteum
Probably RBC because cavity filled with RBM
64
Compact bone is arranged in
Osteons or harvesian systems
65
Osteons organisation
Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and osteocytes along with the calcified matrix. Osteons are aligned in the same direction along lines of stress. These lines can slowly change as the stresses on the bone change.
66
Compact bone location
Diaphysis and outer layer of all bones
67
Function compact bone
Resist effort caused by weight and movement
68
Spongy bone function
- Protects bone marrow - Helps to lessen the weight of a bone while still providing strength.
69
Each osteon consists of
- Concentric rings called lamellae - Calcified matrix surrounding a vertically oriented channel, the Haversian canal, with nerves, blood and lymph vessels.
70
Osteocytes communicate through
Canaliculi filled with interstitial fluid
71
Volkmann's or perforating canals
Penetrate compact bone from the periosteum Lie horizontally Contain vessels and nerves that connect with those of the medullary cavity, periosteum and central/haversian canals.
72
Interstitial lamellae
areas between neighboring osteons with osteocytes and canaliculi. Represent older osteons that have been partially removed during tissue remodelling.
73
Circumferential lamellae
Develop during initial bone formation. Outer circumferential lamellae are connected to periosteum by perforating (Sharpey's) fibres
74
Clear zone osteoclasts Also called
In the periphery of the ruffle border where there is no organelles Sealing zone
75
Diploe
Spongy bone found between the two layers of compact bone in flat bone
76
What are sesamoid bones
Short bones but embedded in a tendon
77
Endochondral
78
Compact bone is also called
Cortical
79
Spongy bone is also called
Trabecullar or cancellous

Anatomy (7 decks)

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