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Anatomy > Unit 2.3 Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Unit 2.3 Connective Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

General characteristics of connective tissue

A

Cells rarely touch due to “extracellular matrix.”

Matrix (fibers & ground substance) is secreted by cells.

Consistency varies: liquid, gel or solid.

Good nerve & blood supply except in cartilage & tendons.

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2
Q

Cells of connective tissue are derived from

A

Mesenchyme

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3
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

• Bind, support, repair and strengthen other tissues.
• Protect and insulate internal organs.
• Compartmentalize structures (muscles).
• Transport (blood)
• Storage:
- Energy reserves (adipose tissue).
- Water and electrolytes in extracellular matrix.
• Immune response.

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4
Q

2 major components of connective tissue

A

Cells and extracellular matrix

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5
Q

Cells of connective tissue are separated in two types

A

Resident and Transitory

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6
Q

Extracellular matrix made of

A

Fibres and ground substance

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7
Q

Resident cells of connective tissue

A

Immature (blast)
Mature (cyte)

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8
Q

Transitory cells of connective tissue

A

Leukocytes
Macrophages
Mastocytes
Plasma cells
Mast cells
Neutrophils
Eosinophils

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9
Q

Fibres of extracellular matrix

A

Collagen
Reticular
Elastic

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10
Q

Ground substance made of

A

Water
Salts
Proteoglycans

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11
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

Multipotent and undifferentiated.
Star-like shape, they differentiate into other cellular types.
They normally exist during embryonic stages, but some could last through adulthood.

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12
Q

Relevance to teeth of Mesenchymal cells

A

At the origin of formation of dentin, pulp, periodontal ligament

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13
Q

Some cells into which Mesenchymal cells can differentiate

A

Osteoblasts
Endothelial cells
Mesothelial cells
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Chondroblasts

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14
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Large flat cells with star-like shape.

Principal active cells of connective tissue.They are in various connective tissues.

They produce FIBRES (collagen and elastic fibres) and the GROUND SUBSTANCE

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15
Q

Fibrocytes

A

Mature cells that are trapped within the extracellular matrix and maintain the connective tissue.

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16
Q

Myofibroblasts : description, location, function

A
  • Modified fibroblasts.
  • Properties between fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells: they
    secrete collagen and can also contract.
  • Abundant in healing areas and in the periodontal ligament.
  • Actively participate in the formation of the root of the teeth.
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17
Q

Adipocytes (description,function, location, other names)

A
  • Form adipose tissue and do not divide by mitosis.
  • Each adipocyte is surrounded by a net of reticular fibres.
  • They store triglycerides.
  • We can find them beneath the skin and around internal organs such as
    heart and kidneys.
  • Function: protection, energy store, thermoregulation.
  • Also known as fat cells or lipocytes.
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18
Q

Transitory cells derive from

A

Pluripotent stem cells

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19
Q

Texture of ground substance

A

Fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous or calcified

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20
Q

Composition of ground substance

A

Water, salts, proteins, proteoglycans

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21
Q

Proteoglycan compo

A

polysaccharide 95% + protein

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22
Q

Main polysaccharide are called

A

Glycosaminoglycans

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23
Q

Ex GAGs

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate (gelatinous)
Dermatan sulfate
Keratan sulfate

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24
Q

Characteristics of Hyaluronic acid

A

Dense, viscous, antiseptic, hydrating

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25
Adhesion proteins in ground substance name and function
Fibronectin Join collagen fibers with ground substance
26
Chondroitin sulfate function
provides support and adhesiveness to cartilage, bone, skin and blood vessels
27
Keratan sulfate is found in
Bone, cartilage and cornea
28
Dermatan sulfate is found in
Skin, blood vessels, cardiac valves and tendons
29
Characteristics of ground substance
Highly negatively charged, inflexible, strongly hydrophilic
30
Proteoglycan molecule is made of
Core protein and GAGs
31
Function extracellular matrix
Fibers resist tensile forces Ground substance retains water and gives a jelly substance
32
What structures can produce hyaluronidase
WBC, sperm, and some bacteria
33
Fibers made of collagen are
Collagen and reticular
34
Elastic fibers are made of
Elastin and fibrillin
35
Collagen type V and VI
Forms networks in basal lamina
36
Collagen type VI
For anchorage Basal lamina binding to epidermis
37
Collagen associated to fibrils
I,II, III, V and IX
38
Collagen type I forms
Fibers (skin, bone, tendons, ligaments)
39
Collagen fibers composition
Collagen I proteins.
40
Reticular fibers Compo
Fine collagen fibrils (collagen III and glycoproteins).
41
Function collagen fibers
Provide strength and resistance to tension. Allow tissue flexibility.
42
Location collagen fibers
bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments.
43
Function reticular fibers
Support and strength in blood and lymphatic vessel walls. Plenty of them in reticular connective tissue. Provide a network around cells such as adipocytes, nervous fibers, smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
44
Where are the reticular fibers found
Basement membrane
45
Function elastic fibers
Strength and elasticity
46
Location elastic fibers
Skin, blood vessels wall, lungs
47
Which fiber is the strongest and thickest
Collagen
48
Property of elastic fibers
Extensile and ability to recoil
49
Types of mature connective tissue
Loose CT Dense CT Cartilage Bone tissue Liquid connective tissue
50
Types of liquid connective tissue
Blood Lymph
51
Types of cartilage
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
52
Types of Dense CT
Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic
53
Types of loose connective tissue
Areolar Adipose Reticular
54
Types of proper connective tissue
Loose and Dense
55
Two types of connective tissue
Embryonic Mature
56
Types of embryonic CT
Mesenchyme Mucous connective tissue
57
Embryonic CT def
Connective tissue that is present primarily in the embryo or fetus
58
Mesenchyme
tissue from which all other connective tissue arise. Found almost exclusively in the embryo
59
Mucous connective tissue
Wharton's jelly is found in the umbilical cord of the fetus Fibroblasts in jelly-like ground substance that contains collagen fibers. Give support to the vein and arteries.
60
Description Mesenchymal cells
Irregular
61
Ground substance contains … fibers in the Mesenchyme
Reticular
62
Embryo and foetus period
E first two months F from third month until birth
63
Cells found in loose connective tissue
fibroblasts plasma cells macrophages mast cells a few WBC
64
Types of fibers present in loose connective tissue
All types
65
Ground substance of loose connective tissue
Gelatinous/semi-fluid
66
Location of loose connective tissue
beneath epithelial membranes and glandular epithelium, papillary dermis, mucosal lamina propia, blood vessels and nerves.
67
Areolar CT def
the type of tissue which connects and surrounds different organs in the human body.
68
Areolar CT found in
beneath epithelia, external wrapping of vessels, nerves and muscles
69
Most common cell type in areolar CT
Fibroblasts
70
Function areolar CT
Allows diffusion of oxygen and nutrients between microvasculature and adjacent tissue
71
Difference between adipose and areolar tissue location
Areolar: between the skin and muscles and around the blood vessels and nerves Adipose: Found below the skin and around internal organs
72
Function of adipose tissue
Reduces heat loss through the skin. Energy reserve. Support and protection. Generation of heat. Brown fat in newborns allows maintenance of body temperature.
73
Subtypes of areolar tissue
Brown and white
74
Vascularisation of adipose tissue
Highly vascularized
75
White adipose tissue Particularity, function and location
Peripheral nuclei due to large fat storage in one droplet Located in the deeper layer of skin and surrounding abdominal organs. Function: important for organ padding and energy storage
76
Brown adipose tissue characteristics and function
Several fat droplets are located in the cytoplasm; they are numerous and may present several sizes. Brown fat has more blood vessels and mitochondria and is responsible for heat generation (keeping the baby or an hibernating animal warm)
77
Reticular tissue def and function
It consists of fine interlacing reticular fires and reticular cells. Functions: Forms the stroma (scaffold) of certain organs (liver, spleen, lymphatic ganglia). Brings the cells of smooth muscle together. Filtration (spleen, blood, lymph) to remove dead cells and microbes.
78
Stroma
The cells and tissues that support and give structure to organs, glands, or other tissues in the body.
79
Dense regular characteristics
Numerous, thicker and denser fibres. Fewer cells. Collagen fibres in parallel bundles with fibroblasts in between. White, tough and pliable (forms tendons and ligaments)
80
Dense regular also known as
White fibrous connective tissue
81
Function dense regular
Binding of structures
82
Dense irregular characteristics
Collagen fibers going in all directions
83
Function dense irregular
tissue can resist tension from any direction
84
Location dense irregular
white of eyeball, dermis of skin, capsular membranes, cardiac valves, fascia.
85
Capsular membrane
thin membrane around the eye's natural lens.
86
Fascia
thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place
87
Elastic connective tissue characteristics
Branching elastic fibers and fibroblasts. Can stretch & still return to original shape.
88
Function elastic connective tissue
allows organ stretching
89
Location dense connective tissue
lung tissue, true vocal cords, some between vertebrae, walls of large arteries (aorta)
90
Lamina propia
A type of connective tissue found under the thin layer of tissues covering a mucous membrane. Loose and dense
91
Connective tissue within the oral cavity
Lamina propia Sublingual mixed connective tissue Gingival recession: connective tissue implant from palate..
92
What are the principle active cells of connective tissue
Fibroblasts

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