Unit 4.1 Cartilage

Question 1

Cartilage def

Answer 1

dense network of collagen and elastic fibres firmly embedded in chondroitin sulphate.

Question 2

Cartilage properties

Answer 2

Strength: due to collagen.
Elasticity: elastic fibres.
Flexibility (resilience): due to chondroitin sulphate.

Question 3

Chondrocytes organization

Answer 3

isolated (rare) or in groups within spaces called lacunae.

Question 4

Is the cartilage irrigated or innervated

Answer 4

without blood vessels or nerve endings (nutrition is provided by perichondrium).

Question 5

Perichondrium structure

Answer 5

cover of dense irregular connective tissue (vascularised and innervated) on the surface of cartilage.

Exception: fibrocartilage, articular cartilage and epiphyseal discs.

Question 6

Lacunae

Answer 6

Gaps where the isogenic groups are

Question 7

Isogenic group

Answer 7

Group of chondrocytes

Question 8

Outer layer of perichondrium

Answer 8

Fibrous perichondrium

Question 9

Inner layer perichondrium

Answer 9

Chondrogenic perichondrium

Question 10

Chondrogenic cells differentiate into

Answer 10

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

Question 11

Chondrogenic perichondrium contains

Answer 11

Stem cells and blast

Question 12

Fibrous perichondrium type of tissue and function

Answer 12

Dense irregular connective tissue
Provides pathway for blood vessels

Question 13

Nutrient supply of cartilage

Answer 13

diffusion of gaseous metabolites and small molecules from the perichondrium through the ground substance.

Question 14

Which cartilage doesn’t have perichondrium

Answer 14

Articular , fibrocartilage and epipheseal plate

Question 15

Articular cartilage gets nutrients via

Answer 15

Synovial fluid

Question 16

How to recognize hyaline cartilage

Answer 16

Not a lot of fibers between lacunae
“Glass”

Question 17

How to recognize elastic cartilage

Answer 17

Elastic fibers between the lacunae that are close to each other

Question 18

How to recognize fibro cartilage

Answer 18

Lacunae far from each other
Fibres look like ramen noodles
Rows of Chondrocytes

Question 19

Location of hyaline cartilage

Answer 19

Articular cartilage of a joint
Costal cartilage : Ventral ends of ribs
Nose
Respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, larynx
Skeleton of embryo

Question 20

Location fibrocartilage

Answer 20

Meniscus
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphisis
Temporomandibular joint

Question 21

Location elastic cartilage

Answer 21

External ear
Epiglottis
Eustachian tube
Vocal cartilage (arytenoid/larynx)

Question 22

Presence of perichondrium in Hyaline cartilage

Answer 22

Yes except Articular cartilage and Epiphyseal plate

Question 23

Which type of cartilage is the most abundant

Answer 23

Hyaline

Question 24

Which type of cartilage is the weakest

Answer 24

Hyaline

Question 25

Function hyaline cartilage

Answer 25

Reduces friction at joints Flexibility and support Resilient and shock absorbing Important in dvp (bone = ossified cartilage)

Question 26

Structure hyaline cartilage

Answer 26

Chondrocytes sit in spaces called lacunae. Fine collagen fibers in a jelly-like ground substance (bluish-white, shiny). No blood vessels or nerves, so repair is very slow.

Question 27

Elastic cartilage function

Answer 27

Support and form Helps to maintain the shape of organs after deformation

Question 28

Which cartilage calcifies

Answer 28

Hyaline

Question 29

Which cartilage has the highest amount of cells

Answer 29

Elastic

Question 30

To what is linked Fibrocartilage

Answer 30

Multiple organized layers of collagen give this cartilage strength and allow it to absorb shock. It does not have perichondrium (linked to dense connective tissue).

Question 31

Function fibrocartilage

Answer 31

Provides strength and shock absorption

Question 32

What type of cartilage is the strongest

Answer 32

Fibrocartilage

Question 33

Hernia

Answer 33

Fibrocartilage is broken and the inside of the vertebral disk is released The gel released compresses the nerves

Question 34

Cartilage originates from

Answer 34

Mesenchyme during chondrogenesis

Question 35

Chondrogenesis

Answer 35

Cartilage dvp Begins when chondroprogenitor Mesenchymal cells cluster together to form a dense mass of rounded cells

Question 36

Interstitial growth

Answer 36

New cartilage formation process INSIDE a preexisting cartilage. - Chondrocytes divide and form a new matrix. - It continues in childhood and adolescence in specific places

Question 37

Appositional growth

Answer 37

New cartilage formation process ON the surface of a preexisting cartilage. Chondroblasts secrete matrix on the surface, under perichondrium Continue in adolescence

Question 38

Proteoglycan aggregate

Answer 38

Hyaluronic acid linked to « feathers » called Proteoglycan, via link proteins. Proteoglycan made of : Core protein bound to Keratan sulfate and Chondroitin sulfate

Question 39

To what are bound the Proteoglycan molecules

Answer 39

To collagen fibers via fibronectins

Question 40

What types of fibers are present in each type of cartilage

Answer 40

Hyaline : collagen Fibrocartilage : collagen Elastic: collagen and elastic