Unit 3 Flashcards
Energy
The capacity to perform. Different types Elight Esound Eelectrical Egrqdient Echemical
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred or transformed. But cannot be created. Or destroyed
2nd law of thermodynamics g
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder of the universe) whenever you transfer or transform energy, most of the energy is lost as heat
Exergonic reactions
Proceed with a net releas of evergy. Something giving off energy. Be molecules formed have less energy than the react and or substrates
Net release of free energy
Kinetic energy
Is the energy of motion
Potential energy
Is energy that is stored
Activation energy
For any reaction to occur molecules no must not only collide but collide with enough sufficient energy. So reactions never occur without receiving a boost of energy
This is the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must posses in order to undergo a specified reaction
What is energy used for on a cell level and body level
Actively transporting molecules across the cell membrane
Building and rearranging molecules.
Moving body parts
Energy from glucose goes to what carrier in humans
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Phosphate bonds are unstable and bonds are unstable and highly energetic. Hydrolysis between phosphate groups releases energy
What is an example of an end ergo doc reaction
Photosynthesis (energy is being used, in living systems these are usually coupled)
What does an enzyme do to the activation energy
It decreases the activation energy by acting as a catalyst for reactants. It raises the rate of reaction.
How many substrates do enezyme generally react with
Generally with one
Feedback inhibition
One of the most common methods of metabolic control. When the Neto olive pathway is switched off or slowed down by the end product
What is the part of the enzyme called where the substrate attaches to?
Active site
Anabolism
Building (muscles) anabolic steroids
Catabolism
Reading down
Cellular respiration formula
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Exergonic reaction have what type of curve
Exergonic reaction have a downhill curve where the reactants have more free energy and the products have less
The hydrolysis of ATP
The bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP can be broken down with water and the difference of free energy released between the reactants and products are used within the cell for chemical transport and mechanical work
Each phosphate group in ATP is?
Negatively charged. The bonds between them are negatively charged
How can activation energy be provided
ATP and enzymes
What are enzymes
Proteins or glycoproteins that lower activation energy by grabbing on to the reactants and place stress on the bonds so that they break
Coenzyme
An enzyme that helps another enzyme with the active site shape so the substrate can attach
Competitive inhibitors
Bind to the active site and make it harder or impossible for the substrate(s) to bind
