Unit 5

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

Are the reproductive cells that transmit genes from one generation to the next

Question 2

How many chromosomes do humans have in the somatic cells

Answer 2

46 or 23 pairs

Question 3

Somatic cells

Answer 3

All cells in the body except the sex( gametes)

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

A lot of different genes that can code for traits

Question 5

Locus in a chromosome

Answer 5

Specific location

Question 6

Where does synapsis or crossing over occur in meiosis?

Answer 6

Prophase 1-this is where the genes crossover to incorporate different traits for the offspring

Question 7

Epistasis

Answer 7

Is where one gene will determine if another gene will be expressed

Question 8

Pleiotrophy or pleiotrophic affect

Answer 8

One gene that controls different characteristics or traits

Question 9

Polygenetic inheritqnce

Answer 9

Multiple genes control express one trait

Question 10

Homologous chromosome

Answer 10

Chromosomes that have identical length and inherent controlling properties for traits. These can pair up and are represented on humans karyotype

Question 11

Karyotype

Answer 11

Images of autosomes and the pair of sex chromosomes

Question 12

In oogenesis, how many haploid cells are made

Answer 12

I’m the ovum there is one haploid made and a second polar body

Question 13

Chiasmata

Answer 13

X shaped region where crossing over occurs

Question 14

Crossing over does what to chromosomes

Answer 14

Creates recombinant chromosomes- carry genes from 2 parents

Question 15

Mutations from crossing over

Answer 15

Deletion
Duplication.
Translocation
Inversion

Question 16

Random fertilization

Answer 16

Fusion of gametes will produce a zygote with about 64 trillion diploid combinations

Question 17

Independent assortment

Answer 17

Each pair of chromosomes sorts it’s maternal and paternal homologous into daughter cells independently

Question 18

Gregor Mendel

Answer 18

Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance
Genes come in pairs from parents

Dominant and recessive traits

Question 19

Character

Answer 19

A heritable feature, such as flower color

Question 20

Trait

Answer 20

A variant of a character such as purple or white flowers

Question 21

P generation

Answer 21

The true breeding parents

Question 22

F1 generation

Answer 22

The hybrid offspring of the P generation

Question 23

F2 generation

Answer 23

The offspring when F1 individuals self pollinate

Question 24

Dominant Allen

Answer 24

Determines the organisms appearance

Question 25

Recessive Allen

Answer 25

Has no noticeable effect on the organisms appearance unless homozygous

Question 26

Homozygous

Answer 26

Has a pair of identical alleles for that gene- exhibits tru breeding

Question 27

Heterozygous

Answer 27

Has a pair of alleles that are different for that gene

Question 28

Phenotype

Answer 28

Physical appearance

Question 29

Genotype

Answer 29

Genetic makeup

Question 30

Codominance

Answer 30

Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways. Like human blood type AB

Question 31

Incomplete dominance

Answer 31

The phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes or the two paternal varieties. Flowers that are red and white make a pink flower. Mixed

Question 32

Hybridization

Answer 32

Mating two contrasting things. That’s what medel did with the peas

Question 33

Tay Sachs disease

Answer 33

Occurs because of an enzyme that isn’t functioning properly and cause lipids to build up in their brain

Question 34

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 34

Defect in chloride channel transport proteins in cells | Chloride ions and water are trapped inside cells walls and cause thick mucus

Question 35

Sickle cell

Answer 35

Supsitutuon of a single amino acid int the hemoglobin proteins in red blood cells

Question 36

Down’s syndrome

Answer 36

Extra copy of chromosome 21 causes short stature mental retardation, fissures tongue, Senor always creases in the palm

Question 37

Nondisjunction of autosomes

Answer 37

Chromosomes may be separated unequally causeing more less or none to appear in gametes

Question 38

Five kingdom system of classification

Answer 38

Kingdom plantar kingdom animal is Kingdom fungi Kingdom Protista Kingdom miners

Question 39

The three domains

Answer 39

Domain bacteria Domain archae Domain eukarya

Question 40

Linnaeus

Answer 40

Taxonomy. A way of cataloging the diversity of life He was a seed dish botanists Came up with categories for naming such as Homo sapiens He had two classifications kingdom plantae and anomalia

Question 41

Classification order

Answer 41

Kong’s play chest on five Greene squares ``` Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 42

Darwin

Answer 42

Proposed the revolution of present day Went on a voyage to discover different species had similarities or same adaptations Wrote a book called the origin of species

Question 43

Darwin observation 1

Answer 43

Members of a population often vary in their inheritance

Question 44

Observation 2

Answer 44

All species can produce more offspring than there environment can support and many of the offspring fail to survive

Question 45

Darwin inference

Answer 45

Ore suitable individuals leave more offspring

Question 46

Natural selection

Answer 46

Is the process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 47

Artificial selection

Answer 47

Choosing the most fit or desired traits to breed