UNIT 3, AOS2 - Dot point 4 (Atkinson-shiffrin multi-store model of memory) Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is memory?
Memory is an active system that encodes, stores, and retrieves information when needed.
What does Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model of memory describe?
It says memory has three separate stores—sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory—that work together to encode, store, and retrieve information.
What is encoding?
Changing information into a form the brain can store.
What is storage?
Keeping information in long-term memory for later use.
What is retrieval?
Getting stored information from long-term memory when needed.
What is sensory memory?
Sensory memory is a brief memory store that holds raw information detected by the senses — sight (iconic), sound (echoic), touch, taste, and smell — for 0.2 to 4 seconds.
What is the capacity of sensory memory?
Unlimited.
What are the types of sensory memory?
Iconic memory (visual) and echoic memory (sound).
Other senses (touch, taste, smell) also have sensory memories, but iconic and echoic are the most studied.
What is short-term memory?
A memory store that temporarily holds a small amount of information we are consciously thinking about and using.
How long does short-term memory last?
18–30 seconds. Rehearsal can make it last longer.
What is the capacity of short-term memory?
5–9 items (often said as 7±2).
What is long-term memory?
A memory store that holds information for a long time, possibly forever, and allows future retrieval.
How long does long-term memory last?
It has a relatively permanent duration.
What is the capacity of long-term memory?
It is potentially unlimited.
What is explicit memory?
A type of long-term memory that is formed and retrieved with conscious effort.
Example: Remembering facts for a test.
What is implicit memory?
A type of long-term memory that is formed and retrieved without conscious effort.
Example: Riding a bike or typing on a keyboard without thinking.
What is semantic memory?
A type of explicit long-term memory that stores facts and general knowledge.
Example: Knowing that Paris is the capital of France or that a dog is an animal.
What is episodic memory?
A type of explicit long-term memory that stores personal experiences and events.
Example: Remembering your last birthday party or your first day of school.
