Unit 3 Most Important Concepts Flashcards
What are the major land-based empires of Unit 3?
Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Qing, Russian, Ming, and Tokugawa Japan.
What is a gunpowder empire?
An empire that used gunpowder weapons (e.g., cannons, muskets) to expand and control territory (e.g., Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal).
What was the significance of the Qing Dynasty?
Manchu-led dynasty that expanded into Central Asia, used Confucian bureaucracy to legitimize power.
What characterized the Tokugawa Shogunate?
Feudal military government; enforced isolation (sakoku), centralized power under the shogun.
How did rulers legitimize their power?
Through religion, art, architecture, and bureaucracies.
What is divine right of kings?
European idea that monarchs ruled by God’s will.
How did the Ottomans legitimize power?
Used Islam, architecture like the Süleymaniye Mosque, and the devshirme system.
What was the role of the civil service exam in the Ming and Qing?
It maintained a merit-based Confucian bureaucracy.
How did the Safavids differ religiously from neighbors?
They were Shi’a Muslim and fought the Sunni Ottomans.
What military innovation helped land empires expand?
Gunpowder weapons (cannons, muskets).
Who was Suleiman the Magnificent?
Powerful Ottoman ruler who expanded the empire and reformed laws.
What role did religion play in the Mughal Empire?
Akbar promoted religious tolerance; later rulers like Aurangzeb enforced Islamic law.
What was the role of Shi’ism in the Safavid Empire?
Made Shi’a Islam the official religion to unify the state.
How did the Russian tsars justify their rule?
Claimed to be ‘Third Rome’ and ruled with Orthodox Christian support.
What was the devshirme system?
Ottomans took Christian boys, converted them, and trained them for military/bureaucracy (e.g., Janissaries).
What is a zamindar in the Mughal Empire?
A local tax collector who governed in return for revenue.
What system did the Tokugawa use to control the daimyo?
Alternate attendance system (daimyo lived in Edo periodically).
What was the tribute system?
Ming and Qing required surrounding states to pay tribute to show submission.
What is an example of Mughal architecture?
The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan as a mausoleum.
How did rulers use art to display power?
Commissioned grand paintings, buildings, and monuments to show wealth and divine favor.
What is monumental architecture?
Large-scale buildings that symbolize power (e.g., Versailles, mosques, palaces).
