Unit 9 Most Important Concepts Flashcards
Globalization
The increasing interconnectedness of the world through trade, communication, technology, and culture.
Neoliberalism
Economic policy favoring free markets, deregulation, and privatization; promoted by Reagan (US) and Thatcher (UK).
International Organizations
Institutions that facilitate global cooperation (e.g., United Nations, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund).
Green Revolution
20th-century agricultural movement introducing high-yield crops and technologies; increased food supply but caused environmental issues.
Medical Innovations
Advances like antibiotics, vaccines, and artificial hearts reduced mortality and improved quality of life.
Energy Technologies
Nuclear power, petroleum, and renewable sources expanded global energy consumption and environmental impact.
Climate Change
Global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions; leads to rising sea levels, extreme weather, and international concern.
Environmental Movements
Global activism pushing for sustainability and conservation (e.g., Earth Day, Paris Agreement).
Economic Institutions
World Bank, WTO, IMF—support global economic development and trade liberalization.
Technology & Communication
Internet, smartphones, and satellites revolutionized global communication and commerce.
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
Companies operating in multiple countries (e.g., Apple, McDonald’s); symbols of globalization
Outsourcing
Shifting jobs or production to lower-cost countries; boosts efficiency but may cause job loss domestically.
Migration Trends
Increased labor and refugee migration due to economic, political, and environmental factors.
Cultural Globalization
Spread of global culture through media, brands, and entertainment; can cause cultural homogenization and backlash.
Human Rights Movements
Advocacy for civil rights, gender equality, and indigenous rights (e.g., MLK, Nelson Mandela, UN Declarations).
Global Feminism
International push for gender equality in education, work, and politics (e.g., Malala Yousafzai, UN Women).
Digital Revolution
The rise of digital tech (computers, internet, AI) transforming economies, education, and daily life.
Pandemics
Global disease outbreaks like HIV/AIDS and COVID-19; show vulnerability and interdependence.
