Unit 5 Most Important Concepts Flashcards
Q: What intellectual movement inspired many 18th- and 19th-century revolutions?
A: The Enlightenment.
Q: What are core Enlightenment ideas?
A: Natural rights, liberty, popular sovereignty, social contract, and separation of powers.
Q: What was the American Revolution (1775–1783) inspired by?
A: Enlightenment ideas and resistance to British taxation and monarchy.
Q: What was a major result of the French Revolution (1789–1799)?
A: End of absolute monarchy, rise of nationalism, and the Napoleonic Wars.
Q: Who led the Haitian Revolution?
A: Toussaint L’Ouverture.
Q: Why is the Haitian Revolution significant?
A: It was the first successful slave revolt that established an independent Black republic.
Q: What were the Latin American revolutions influenced by?
A: Enlightenment ideas, other revolutions, and local dissatisfaction with colonial rule.
Q: Who were major leaders in Latin American independence movements?
A: Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
Q: What was the Industrial Revolution?
A: A period of major industrialization that began in Great Britain in the late 18th century.
Q: What factors contributed to the Industrial Revolution?
A: Access to coal and iron, surplus labor, capital, inventions, and stable governments.
Q: What are some key inventions of the Industrial Revolution?
A: Spinning Jenny, steam engine, power loom, and the telegraph.
Q: How did industrialization affect global economic systems?
A: Rise of capitalism, increased global trade, and new financial institutions.
Q: What were some social effects of industrialization?
A: Urbanization, labor exploitation, rise of the working and middle classes.
Q: What was the response to industrial capitalism?
A: Development of socialism, communism (Karl Marx), and labor unions.
Q: What were some global reactions to industrialization?
A: Meiji Restoration in Japan, state-sponsored industrialization in Russia and Egypt.
Q: What was the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)?
A: The first women’s rights convention in the U.S., demanding equality and suffrage.
Q: What are examples of nationalist movements in this era?
A: German and Italian unification; anti-colonial uprisings in Latin America and India.
Q: What is abolitionism?
A: The movement to end the slave trade and slavery, gaining ground in the 19th century.
Q: How did governments change during this period?
A: Monarchies were challenged or reformed, and republics and constitutions spread.
Q: What is liberalism?
A: A political ideology advocating individual rights, representative government, and free markets.
