Unit 3 Quiz 1

Question 1

Energy is needed to do work in cells, such as ____ Macromolecules, moving substances across the _____ and maintaining ______

Answer 1

Synthesizing, membrane, homeostasis

Question 2

What are the 2 types of energy?

Answer 2

Kinetic energy and potential energy

Question 3

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 3

The energy of motion

Question 4

What is potential energy?

Answer 4

Stored energy

Question 5

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy held in the ____ of molecules

Answer 5

Potential, bonds

Question 6

Do the bonds linking phosphate groups in ATP have low or high potential energy?

Answer 6

High

Question 7

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 7

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 8

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 8

There is an increase in entropy in the universe over time

Question 9

What is entropy?

Answer 9

Degree of disorder/ measure of number of positions and motions a molecule can take

Question 10

Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of ____

Answer 10

Bonds

Question 11

In a chemical reaction, ____ themselves do not change; the ____ among them change as they form new molecules

Answer 11

Atoms, bonds

Question 12

The direction of a chemical reaction is influenced by_____

Answer 12

The concentration of reactants and products

Question 13

Definition of Gibbs free energy (G)

Answer 13

The amount of energy available to do work

Question 14

Exergonic reactions are _____ and ____ energy

Answer 14

Spontaneous, release

Question 15

Endergonic reactions are _____ and ____ energy

Answer 15

Non-spontaneous, require

Question 16

If Delta G in negative the reaction is _____

Answer 16

Exergonic

Question 17

If Delta G in positive the reaction is _____

Answer 17

Endergonic

Question 18

Is the hydrolysis of ATP exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 18

It is exergonic (and drives many endergonic reactions in a cell)

Question 19

ATP is a _____ energy molecule and ADP is a _____ energy molecule

Answer 19

High, low

Question 20

Metabolism is_________

Answer 20

The entire set of chemical reactions in the cell that convert other molecules and transfer energy

Question 21

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

Answer 21

6CO_2 +6H_2O ——> C_6 H_12 O_6 +6O_2
Carbon dioxide + water ——> glucose and oxygen

Question 22

Solar energy is converted into ____ ____ energy and stored in the bonds of _____ through ______ in photosynthesis

Answer 22

Chemical potential, glucose, carbon fixation

Question 23

All energy on earth comes from the ____

Answer 23

Sun

Question 24

The 2 phases of photosynthesis

Answer 24

Light dependent reactions and light independent reactions. (They have a reciprocal relationship)

Question 25

Oxidation is _____ electrons/energy and Recuction is ______ electrons/energy

Answer 25

Losing, gaining

Question 26

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both rely on ___ reactions to shuttle _____ between the endergonic and exergonic parts of the process

Answer 26

Redox, electrons

Question 27

Oxidation’s loses ____ and gains a ______ charge

Answer 27

Atoms, positive

Question 28

Reduction ____ atoms and ____ a positive charge

Answer 28

Gains, loses

Question 29

Oxidation and reduction always occurs in a set of _____ reactions

Answer 29

Coupled

Question 30

In photosynthesis water is _____ releasing oxygen, and carbon dioxide is _____ forming carbohydrates.

Answer 30

Oxidized, reduced

Question 31

Electron carries are molecules that can be both _____ and _____

Answer 31

Oxidized. Reduced

Question 32

In photosynthesis electron carriers shuttle high energy electrons from the light_____ reactions to the light _____ reactions.

Answer 32

Dependent, independent

Question 33

Examples of electron carriers in photosynthesis are ____ and ____

Answer 33

NADP+ and NADPH

Question 34

Photons of light can strike and transfer energy into _____ shell electrons. This _____ the electrons causing them to jump up to higher energy level orbitals. It is possible for ______ ____to capture these electrons, leaving behind an ionized molecule (like H+)

Answer 34

Valence, excites, electron carriers

Question 35

Light independent reactions occur in the ____ and light dependent reactions occcur on the ____ ____

Answer 35

Stroma, thylakoid membrane

Question 36

Stacks of thylakoids are called _____

Answer 36

Granum

Question 37

The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the _____ and the outside is called the ______

Answer 37

Lumen, stroma

Question 38

Light dependent reactions inputs are ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ and ____

Answer 38

ADP, NADP+, Electrons, H+, sunlight, and water

Question 39

Light dependent reactions outputs are _____ ____ and ____

Answer 39

ATP, O_2 and NADPH

Question 40

The light reaction begins the absorption of ___ energy by the pigment _____

Answer 40

Light, chlorophyll

Question 41

Chlorophyll hands off the electrons to the ____ which consists of a series of protein complexes located in the thylakoid membrane

Answer 41

Electron transport chain

Question 42

The thylakoid membrane consist of _____ proteins and ____. These ____ proteins have ____ molecules

Answer 42

Photosystem, ATP Sythase, photosystem, chlorophyll.

Question 43

Chlorophyll molecules in plants absorb all wavelengths of light except _____ which is reflected

Answer 43

Green

Question 44

As wavelengths get bigger the amount of energy in the light ____

Answer 44

Decreases

Question 45

What does the absorbance spectra do?

Answer 45

Show the wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by different photosynthetic pigments

Question 46

The peaks of the absorbance spectra is the _____ ____ energy used for photosynthesis.

Answer 46

Absorbed light

Question 47

The valleys of the absorbance spectra is the _____ ____ energy that is seen by the eye and not used for photosynthesis.

Answer 47

Reflected light

Question 48

Electron carriers shuttle high energy electrons from the light____ ___ to the light ____ _____

Answer 48

dependent reactions (exergonic), independent reactions (endergonic)

Question 49

Ancestral ______ were the first to evolve the use of photosynthesis on specialized internal membrane

Answer 49

Prokaryotes

Question 50

What type of reactions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on?

Answer 50

Redox reactions

Question 51

What do redox reactions shuttle in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 51

Electrons

Question 52

Photosynthesis is considered an _______ process.

Answer 52

Endergonic

Question 53

Cellular respiration is considered an _______ process.

Answer 53

Exergonic

Question 54

What are the two main parts of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 54

Endergonic and exergonic parts