Unit 7 Quiz 2 Part 2

Question 1

What is speciation?

Answer 1

The formation of a new species from a common ancestor.

Question 2

What leads to speciation over time?

Answer 2

Evolution.

Question 3

What must happen for speciation to occur?

Answer 3

Two populations of organisms must become reproductively isolated from each other.

Question 4

True or False: Speciation can occur even if two populations can still mate and produce living offspring.

Answer 4

False.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Speciation occurs when two populations of organisms become _______ isolated from each other.

Answer 5

reproductively

Question 6

What is an example of reproductive isolation in speciation?

Answer 6

The two populations can no longer mate and produce living offspring.

Question 7

What is a common ancestor?

Answer 7

A species of organism from which one or more new species evolves.

Question 8

What evidence supports that all living organisms share a distant common ancestor?

Answer 8

All organisms share the same fundamental molecular and cellular features.

Question 9

What fundamental genetic material do all living organisms use?

Answer 9

DNA for storing genetic material.

Question 10

What metabolic pathway is utilized by all organisms?

Answer 10

Glycolysis.

Question 11

What do all living Eukaryotes share as evidence of a common ancestor?

Answer 11

They all have membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

What type of chromosomes do all living Eukaryotes contain?

Answer 12

Linear chromosomes.

Question 13

What genetic feature do the genes of all living Eukaryotes contain?

Answer 13

Introns.

Question 14

What determines how closely related two species are?

Answer 14

How recently they shared a common ancestor.

A more recent common ancestor indicates a closer relationship.

Question 15

What does a more recent common ancestor imply about species relationship?

Answer 15

More related to each other.

This is in contrast to a less recent common ancestor, which indicates a lesser relationship.

Question 16

What type of diagrams illustrate common ancestry?

Answer 16

Cladograms.

Cladograms are also known as phylogenetic trees.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: A common ancestor is shared by two species to determine how _______ they are.

Answer 17

[related]

Question 18

True or False: A less recent common ancestor means the species are more closely related.

Answer 18

False.

A less recent common ancestor indicates a lesser degree of relatedness.

Question 19

What are 5 pieces of evidence supporting common ancestry among species

Answer 19

Biogeography
Anatomical Homologies
Developmental Homologies
Molecular Homologies
Fossil record

Question 20

What’s biogeography

Answer 20

Question 21

What’s anatomical Homologies

Answer 21

Question 22

What’s a homologous structure

Answer 22

Question 23

What’s a vestigial structure

Answer 23

Question 24

What’s developmental Homologies

Answer 24

Question 25

What’s molecular similarities

Answer 25

Question 26

If you have more differences in amino acid sequences that’s means you ___ related to other species

Answer 26

Less

Question 27

What are fossils

Answer 27

Question 28

What is the fossil record?

Answer 28

The fossil record is a strong evidence for evolution because it shows the order in which ancient species evolved.

Question 29

Why is the fossil record important?

Answer 29

It is important for identifying extinct species that no longer exist.

Question 30

What can the fossil record show about species?

Answer 30

The fossil record can show the different patterns species evolved in.

Question 31

What are the three evolution patterns identified in the fossil record?

Answer 31

* Adaptive Radiation * Gradualism * Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 32

What is Adaptive Radiation?

Answer 32

A single species or small group of species evolves during a short time period into many different species in different habitats. ## Footnote This process often occurs when a species colonizes a new environment with diverse ecological niches.

Question 33

Define Gradualism.

Answer 33

Slow steady rate of evolution in a single line of descent of species. ## Footnote This concept suggests that evolutionary changes occur gradually over long periods.

Question 34

What is Punctuated Equilibrium?

Answer 34

Species experiences periods of stasis (no evolution occurring) which are interrupted by periods of rapid evolutionary change. ## Footnote This theory contrasts with Gradualism by proposing that most evolutionary changes occur in relatively short bursts.

Question 35

What is a primary reason populations of organisms continue to evolve?

Answer 35

Allele frequencies change from generation to generation ## Footnote This change can lead to adaptations and variations within the population.

Question 36

Does the evolution of populations imply that all populations are speciating?

Answer 36

No ## Footnote Speciation is a specific process that does not occur in all evolving populations.

Question 37

What evidence supports the idea that evolution is a continuing process?

Answer 37

Evidence includes: * Changes in DNA sequences in species over time * Changes in the fossil record * Emergence of genetic resistances in various species

Question 38

Name two types of genetic resistances that have emerged in various species.

Answer 38

Examples include: * Antibiotic resistance * Pesticide resistance

Question 39

Fill in the blank: Changes in _______ sequences in species over time provide evidence for evolution.

Answer 39

DNA

Question 40

True or False: All populations that evolve will eventually lead to new species.

Answer 40

False ## Footnote Evolution does not necessarily lead to speciation.

Question 41

What is one example of resistance that has been observed in insects?

Answer 41

Pesticide resistance ## Footnote This resistance allows insects to survive despite exposure to chemical treatments.

Question 42

How can changes in the fossil record provide evidence for evolution?

Answer 42

They show the morphological changes in species over time ## Footnote Fossils can indicate how species have adapted or evolved.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The emergence of genetic resistances to _______ treatments is an example of ongoing evolution.

Answer 43

chemotherapy

Question 44

What have extinction events done throughout Earth's history?

Answer 44

Occurred many times ## Footnote Extinction events are significant reductions in biodiversity, leading to the loss of species.

Question 45

What is the relationship between ecological stress and extinction rates?

Answer 45

High ecological stress = high rate of extinction, Low ecological stress = low rate of extinction ## Footnote Ecological stress can result from various factors including climate change, habitat loss, and pollution.

Question 46

What role does human activity play in extinction?

Answer 46

A huge contributor to ecological stress ## Footnote Human activities such as deforestation, industrialization, and overfishing exacerbate ecological stress.

Question 47

What is a positive aspect of extinction in ecological terms?

Answer 47

Allows for the opening of ecological niches ## Footnote Ecological niches are roles or positions that species occupy within an ecosystem, and their opening can lead to increased biodiversity.

Question 48

Why are species with higher genetic diversity less likely to go extinct?

Answer 48

Better able to survive changes to the environment ## Footnote Genetic diversity increases the adaptability of species to changing environmental conditions.