Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 2 lecture > unit 3 test > Flashcards

unit 3 test Flashcards

1
Q

spirometer

A

measure respiratory capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

everything inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

functional residual capacity

A

everything exhaled and left in lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vital capacity

A

everything in and out of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

total lung capacity

A

everything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tidal volume

A

normal breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

how much more we can inhale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

everything we can exhale if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

residual volume

A

air left over in our lungs we can exhale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

roles and structures of conducting zone

A
  • give rise to respiratory zone

- bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

respiratory zone structures

A
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

type 1 alveolar cells

A
  • SSE, 1 layer flat

- main structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

type 2 alveolar cells

A
  • simple cuboidal
  • surfactant; hydrogen bonds
  • antimicrobial proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

surfactant

A
  • lipid and protein complex
  • reduce surface tension on alveolar fluid
  • prevents collapse
  • hydrogen bond?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

-air surrounding body

760 mm Hg = 1 atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intrapleural pressure

A
  • in pleural cavity
  • always negative
  • lung can collapse if its positive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the inward and outward forces that can promote lung collapse

A 
inward
-recoiling
-surface tension of alveolar fluid
outward
-elasticity of chest wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intrapulmonary pressure

A

-in lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

transpulmonary pressure

A
  • Ppul- Pip

- keeps lungs open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the muscles used for inspiration?

A
  • diaphgram

- intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

quiet expiration

A

volume decrease causing Ppul to increase by 1

Ppul > Patm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

forced expiration

A

oblique and transverse muscles, internal intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

daltons law

A
  • pressure exerted my gases

- total atm is 760 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Boyles law

A

-pressure vs volume of gas
p= 1/v
p1v1=p2v2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
henrys law
- gas and liquids 1. solubility 2. temperature 3. partial pressure of the gases
26
respiratory membrane
- blood:air barrier - alveolar and capillary walls - fused basement membranes - very thin
27
adenocarcinoma
- prepheral lung areas | - bronchial glands and alveolar cells
28
squamous cell carcinoma
arises in bronchial epithelium
29
small cell carcinoma
-lymphocyte like cells from primary bronchi
30
Haldane effect
I give away oxygen and take up CO2
31
carbon dioxide transport
- 7-10% in plasma - 20% as carbaminohemoglobin - 70% as bicarbonate ions
32
oxygen transport
- 1.5% in plasma | - 98.5 in Fe hemoglobin
33
respiratory distress syndrome
- lack of surfactant - premature infants - treatment: replacement, ventilator, therapy
34
obstructive pulmonary disease
increased airway resistance
35
restrictive disease
reduced TlC because of exposure to something
36
emphysema
- degeneration of alveolar walls and reduced surface area | - pollution inhaled
37
hyperventilation
- increased depth and rate of breathing | - decreases CO2 levels
38
absorption
transportation of monomers across the wall of the small intestine in the blood and lymph
39
digestion
hydrolysis of large molecules into monomers within the gastrointestinal tract
40
peristalsis
adjacent segment that breaks apart stuff
41
segmentation
non adjacent | moves around?
42
digestive enzymes in the pancreas
1. proteases- proteins 2. amylase- carbs 3. lipases- lipids and fats 4. nucleases- nucleic acids
43
zymogens
where the enzymes are produced in the pancreas
44
pancreatic juice
water, bicarbonate and digestive enzymes
45
brush boarder enzymes
on microvilli exposed to chyme in stomach protect apical surface
46
bile composition
- bile salts - bilirubin; color - alkaline
47
what molecules are necessary for stomach acid/
1. gastrin- ECL cells 2. histamine 3. parasympathetic neurons- ACh
48
what are the protective mechanisms for stomach acid
1. mucus with bicarbonate, pH buffer 2. tight junctions 3. replacement of damaged cells
49
portal triad
1. hepatic artery- O2 2. hepatic portal vein- rich blood 3. bile duct
50
what are the layers of the alimentary canal?
1. mucosa- epi., lamina and mucosae 2. submucosa- conn., blood and lymph., lacteals 3. muscular externa-inter and outer, sphincters 4. serosa
51
what are the functions of saliva?
1. cleanses mouth 2. dissolve food for taste 3. moisten food, in bolus 4. breakdown of starch with amylase
52
special adaptions of the small intestine
- villi and microvilli | - increase surface area for absorption
53
goblet cells
mucus
54
what are the 4 types of tongue papillae?
1. filiform- rough, keratinized 2. fungiform- gives color 3. valiate- v shape 4. foliate- ridges on side
55
lingual frenulum
fold of mucous membrane under tongue, keeps tongue from coming out
56
what are the parts of the nephron tubule?
1. glomerular capsule- filtration 2. proximal convoluted tubule- reabsorption 3. descending loop of Henley 4. ascending loop of hence 5. distal convoluted tubule- secretion 6. collecting duct
57
afferent arteriole
supply blood to glomerulus
58
efferent arteriole
delivers blood away from glomerulus
59
glomerular capillaries
- fenstrated | - filter blood
60
juxtamedullary nephrons
inner 1/3 of cortex | concentrate urine
61
cortical nephrons
outer 2/3 of cortex
62
functions of the urinary system and kidneys
- regulate fluid - plasma volume - electrolytes and ions - pH - waste products - vitamin D - hormones EPO
63
what should not be in urine?
proteins
64
renal ptosis
one kidney is dropped lower in the body because of fat or tissue loss that hold it in place
65
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
the blood pressure in the capillaries
66
what are the 4 different diuretics?
1. ADH inhibitors- alcohol 2. caffeine- sodium reabsorb, water out 3. loop diuretics- Na and K pump 4. osmotic diuretics- increase glucose, pull water
67
macula densa
- ascending limb - Na+ - ATP
68
granular cells
- afferent | - renin
69
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- decreasing BP or blood flow - released renin from granular cells - converted to angiotensinogen then angiotensin I - converted to angiotensin II by ACE - stimulates ADH, thirst, vasoconstriction, and aldosterone
70
renal plasma clearance
-filtration to secretion C(rate) = U(concentrate)xV(flow) / P(plasma)
71
inulin
marker of glomerular filtration rate

A&P 2 lecture (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions