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ANS 214 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Inseminate females
  2. Maintain a constant supply of sperm
  3. Detect females in estrus/heat
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2
Q

What response does pheromones create

A

The flehmen response from the vomeronasal organ

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3
Q

Semen is….

A

Sperm + seminal plasma

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4
Q

What are the two types of penises?

A

Fibroelastic: more collagen, decreased blood flow
Vasculature: less collagen, increased blood flow

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5
Q

Glans Penis

A

Temp and pressure sensing

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6
Q

Three components that produce seminal fluid

A

bulbourethral gland, prostate, seminal vesicles

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7
Q

Sigmoid Flexure

A

Muscle that controls retracting of the penis

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8
Q

Vas Deferens

A

How sperm is transported

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9
Q

Scrotum

A

Skin around testes

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10
Q

Epididymis

A

Where sperm matures, is stored, and water absorption

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11
Q

Testis

A

Where spermatogenesis occurs

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12
Q

What process produces sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

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13
Q

What cells produce testerones? What is it stimulated by

A

Interstitial cells, which LH stimulates

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14
Q

Rete testes

A

Collection point

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15
Q

Efferent Ductules

A

Maturation of sperm

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16
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Raises or lowers testes

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17
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Where sperm is made with open-ended tubules

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18
Q

What two muscles raise/lower to regulate the temp in males?

A

Dartos and Cremaster muscle

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19
Q

In spermatogenesis: _____ releases ___ from the anterior pituitary. This then releases _______ which is required from spermatogenesis

A

GnRH, FSH and androgen-binding protein

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20
Q

GnRH also will stilumlate the production of what? This will then produce what?

A

LH and testosterone

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21
Q

What two things aid in the down-regulation of spermatogenesis

A

testosterone and inhibin

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22
Q

What are the accessory glands in the male reproductive system

A

Bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, and prostate

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23
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

Thick, clear mucus secreted before ejaculation. It lubricates the glans penis and neutralizes acid from urine

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24
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Viscous alkaline fluid with 70% volume of semen. It contains fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzymes, and prostaglandins

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25
Prostate
Produces milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate and enzymes that aid in sperm capacitation
26
Sustentacular cell
The production of androgen-binding protein, production of inhibin, and assists in sperm maturation.
27
During which phase of spermatogenesis does spermiogenesis occur?
Late spermatogenesis
28
Which organelle is responsible for developing the acrosome?
Golgi apparatus
29
Which organelle is responsible for developing into the sperm tail (flagellum)?
Centriole
30
Which process is stimulated by LH binding to interstitial endocrine cells?
Production on testosterone
31
Which cell type has receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Interstitial cells
32
Which process is stimulated by FSH binding to sustentacular cells?
Production of androgen-binding protein
33
What are the 8 functions of the female reproductive system
1. transport sperm and oocytes 2. facilitate fertilization 3. produce enviro. for embryo and fetus to develop 4. give birth to a fetus 5. recycle to become pregnant again 6. provide nutrients to the young 7. produce oocyte 8. regulation of activities of repro system
34
Suburethral diverticulum
bladder connects with vagina , allows for urine secretion
35
Vulva
External genitalia
36
Vagina
Provides tmp/pressure, birth canal, site of semen deposition, and prevents bacteria growth
37
Cervix
Barrier for sperm, forms mucous plug during pregnancy, and short-term storage of sperm
38
Oviduct
Site of fertilization
39
Ovary
Site of oogenesis and follicular development
40
Uterus
Transports sperm and preparation of sperm
41
Utero-tubal junction
Where the uterus and horn meet
42
Ampullary-Isthmic junction
Reigion of the oviduct that is the site of fertilization
43
Isthmus
After the site of fertilization, nourish sperm, oocyte, and embryo
44
Infundibulum
Funnel to catch oocyte
45
Ampulla
Movement of oocyte
46
What hormone does the CL produce
progesterone
47
Cortex
Female gametes, and follicles, produces E2, and develop CL
48
Germinal Epithelium
The outer layer of the ovary that is ruptured during ovulation
49
Medulla
Supports oocyte development through blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and connective tissue
50
When are primordial follicles developed
Act birth
51
What are the majority of follicles
Primary follicles
52
Which species has an "inside out" ovary and utilizes an ovulatory fossa?
Mare
53
Which phase of the ovarian cycle occurs after ovulation?
Luteal phase
54
Which follicle type has a fluid-filled antrum and a layer of theca cells and granulosa cells?
Late secondary follicles
55
Which follicular cell type has receptors for both LH and FSH?
Granulosa cells
56
Conversion of cholesterol to progesterone occurs in which follicular cell?
Granulosa cells
57
Conversion of testosterone to estradiol/estrogen occurs in which follicular cell type?
Granulosa cells
58
Estrogen levels are very high. What structure is present on the ovary?
Late secondary follicles
59
What occurs during the process of ovulation?
The basement membrane begins to degrade, granulosa and theca cells begin to mix, and the complete rupture of the basement membrane
60
What stimulates the regression/destruction of the corpus luteum (CL)?
Prostaglandin F2-alpha
61
What are the functions of progesterone?
Inhibition of myometrial contractions, stimulation of secretion of nutrients for the embryo, and inhibition of estrus and parturition, stimulate prostaglandin
62
Which hormone surges and triggers ovulation?
LH
63
The resorptive phase and the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle occur during which phase of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular phase
64
Growth of the uterine lining occurs at what phase of the uterine cycle? What prompts this>
Proliferative phase - E2
65
Progesterone is high. What phase of the uterine cycle is occurring?
Secretory phase
66
When is the secretory phase
Post ovulation

ANS 214 (6 decks)

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