Unit 4 Sleep

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

level of awareness an individual had of their thoughts, feelings, perceptions and exsistence

Question 2

psychological construct

Answer 2

two types NWC and ASC

Question 3

consciousness continuum

Answer 3

visual perception of the different states of consciousness from least to most aware

Question 4

normal waking consciousness

Answer 4

individual is aware and awake

Question 5

altered state of consciousness

Answer 5

differs from NWC in terms of quality or awareness level

Question 6

hypnogram

Answer 6

graph that represents the period of each stage of sleep and the transitions between each

Question 7

sleep

Answer 7

naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves loss of awareness and disengagement with stimulus

Question 8

sleep episode

Answer 8

full duration of sleep

Question 9

sleep cycle

Answer 9

90min period in which REM and NREm stages progressed before repeating

Question 10

NREM progression

Answer 10

decreases as night progresses

Question 11

REM vs NREM

Answer 11

paralysis
fast moving eyes
more physiological features
presence of dreams
20%
helps mind

Question 12

NREM features

Answer 12

passive movement
slow moving eyes
less physiological features
no dreams
makes up 80% of sleep
helps body

Question 13

Gamma waves

Answer 13

responsible for cognition, learning, memory and decision making
too many causes anxiety and stress
too few causes depression and learning disruptions

Question 14

Physiological indicators

Answer 14

heart rate
body temperature
eye movements
muscle movements
brain waves

Question 15

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 15

electrical brain activity

Question 16

Electromyograph (EMG)

Answer 16

electrical activity of muscles

Question 17

Electrooculography (EOG)

Answer 17

electrical activity of muscles surrounding the eyes

Question 18

4 waves from small to big

Answer 18

beta, alpha, theta and delta

Question 19

Sleep Diary

Answer 19

records self reported descriptions about sleep periods, quantity and types

Question 20

Video monitoring

Answer 20

use of a camera and audio technology to record an individual as they sleep for analysis

Question 21

Biological rhythms

Answer 21

repeated biological processes that are regulated internally
(two types - circadian and ultradian)

Question 22

Circadian rhythms

Answer 22

biological and behavioural changes that occur repeatedly over a 24 hour cycle

Question 23

Ultradian rhythms

Answer 23

biological and behavioural changes that occur repeatedly over less than 24 hours

Question 24

Sleepwake cycle

Answer 24

type of circadian rhythm in which we spend asleep or awake over 24 hour periods

Question 25

Melatonin

Answer 25

hormone that is secreted during low levels of light that makes us feel sleepy and helps regulate circadian sleep wake cycle released when SCN detects low light levels which signals pineal gland to release melatonin

Question 26

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Answer 26

structure in hypothalamus that regulates sleep wake cycle

Question 27

Pineal Gland

Answer 27

gland in brain responsible for the production and release of melatonin

Question 28

Sleep Length vs Age

Answer 28

decreases with age

Question 29

REM and NREM vs Age

Answer 29

REM - remains relatively stable after childhood but gradually decreases in older adults NREM - diminishes significantly with aging, contributing to the perception of poorer sleep quality in older adults

Question 30

Sleep Debts

Answer 30

debt of sleep, when sleep deprivation adds up leading to body and brain functioning deteriorating

Question 31

Sleep Deprivation

Answer 31

inadequate quantity or quality of sleep in terms of needs effects most adolescence and 1/5 of adults can be partial or full

Question 32

Partial Sleep Deprivation

Answer 32

individual has got some sleep but not enough to meet needs (either quantity or quality)

Question 33

Full Sleep Deprivation

Answer 33

individual has gone more than 24 hours without sleep

Question 34

Sleep Deprivation Physiological Effects

Answer 34

fatigue, trembling hand, drooping eyelids, inability to focus eyes, slurred speech, lack of energy, increased pain sensitivity, headaches

Question 35

Sleep Deprivation Psychological Effects

Answer 35

AFFECTIVE - mood changes, depression, irritability, heightened anxiety, lack of motivation BEHAVIOURAL - slower reaction time, clumsiness, risk taking behaviours COGNITIVE - lack of concentration, impaired decision making, illogical/irrational thoughts, trouble with simple repetitive tasks

Question 36

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)

Answer 36

sleep-wake cycle are later or delayed to usual often in adolesence

Question 37

Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD)

Answer 37

sleep-wake cycle are earlier or advanced to usual often in elderly

Question 38

Shift Work

Answer 38

Occupation that has individuals working unusual shifts often night shifts

Question 39

Treatment

Answer 39

bright light therapy - stimulates wakefulness and helps reset sleep-wake cycle

Question 40

Seasonal Affectiveness Disorder

Answer 40

type of depression that occurs due to change of season (often winter)

Question 41

Zeitgebers

Answer 41

external time cues from environment that can act as circadian rhythms

Question 42

Daylight

Answer 42

the natural light of the sun

Question 43

Bluelight

Answer 43

A type of visible light emitted by the sun, screens and LEDs

Question 44

Sleep Hygiene

Answer 44

healthy habits that promote good sleep

Question 45

Temperature

Answer 45

proper temperature when sleeping (17-19 C)