Unit 4 - social psych & personality

Question 1

fundamental attribution error

Answer 1

blaming a person’s personality and not considering the situation when they make mistakes

Question 2

actor-observer bias

Answer 2

when other mess up - blame the person. when you mess up - blame the situation

Question 3

self serving bias

Answer 3

our successes are due to skill, our failures are balmed on situation

Question 4

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 4

belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 5

upward social comparison

Answer 5

comparing yourself to people you think are better

Question 6

downward social comparison

Answer 6

comparing yourself to people you think are worse –> relative deprivation

Question 7

external locus of control

Answer 7

outside forces control your fate

Question 8

internal locus of control

Answer 8

you control your own fate

Question 9

mere exposure effect

Answer 9

repeated exposure to something increases your liking

Question 10

stereotype vs prejudice vs discrimination

Answer 10

stereotype- generalized belief about a group
prejudice- negative judgement of a group
discrimination- unfair treatment of a group

Question 11

implicit vs explicit bias

Answer 11

implicit: unconscious bias towards a group
explicit: conscious and openly expressed bias

Question 12

ingroup bias

Answer 12

favoring those in your own group

Question 13

outgroup homogenity bias

Answer 13

perception that out-group members are all the same, while in-group members are unique and diverse

Question 14

Just-world phenomenon

Answer 14

belief that the world is just and people get what they deserve

Question 15

belief perseverance

Answer 15

sticking with a belief even when given contrary evidence

Question 16

normative social influence

Answer 16

we conform to fit in and avoid standing out

Question 17

informational social influence

Answer 17

we conform because we think others are right

Question 18

central route to persuasion

Answer 18

using facts/logic to persuade

Question 19

peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 19

using emotional appeals to persuade

Question 20

halo effect

Answer 20

initial positive impression of someone influences future perception of them (they can do no wrong)

Question 21

foot in the door phenomenon

Answer 21

persuading someone to comply with a small request and later a bigger one

Question 22

door in face phenomenon

Answer 22

starting with a large request so a smaller request does not seem as bad

Question 23

dispositional attributions

Answer 23

attributing behavior to internal factors

Question 24

situational attributions

Answer 24

attributing behavior to external factors

Question 25

What did Solomon Asch demonstrate?

Answer 25

the powerful influence of group pressure (conformity with 3 line test)

Question 26

Group polarization

Answer 26

decisions of a group are more extreme than privately held beliefs

Question 27

Groupthink

Answer 27

desire for harmony overrides disagreeing beliefs

Question 28

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 28

individuals in a group feel less responsible

Question 29

social loafing

Answer 29

people tend to exert less effort in a group

Question 30

deindividuation

Answer 30

loss of sense of self in a group

Question 31

social facilitation

Answer 31

improved performance in front of people

Question 32

false consensus effect

Answer 32

bias where you overestimate the extent to which overs share your beliefs

Question 33

superordinate goals... power shown by what experiment?

Answer 33

require cooperation between groups Robbers Cave Experiment showed power of superordinate goals in fostering positive intergroup relations

Question 34

Social traps

Answer 34

individuals act in their own interest, causing negative consequences for the group

Question 35

social debt

Answer 35

feeling of "owing" something to someone

Question 36

social reciprocity norm

Answer 36

expextation that people should return favors

Question 37

social responsibility norm

Answer 37

expectation that people should help those in need

Question 38

bystander effect

Answer 38

individuals are less likely to help someone in need when others are present

Question 39

Denial

Answer 39

refusal to acknowledge painful realities

Question 40

displacement

Answer 40

redirect impulse to something less bad

Question 41

projection

Answer 41

accuse someone else of your feelings

Question 42

rationalization

Answer 42

making self-justifying excuses instead of real unconscious reasonings

Question 43

regression

Answer 43

reverting to child-like behavior

Question 44

repression

Answer 44

no conscious awareness; motivated forgetting

Question 45

reaction formation

Answer 45

switch an unacceptable impulse to the opposite

Question 46

sublimation

Answer 46

redirect unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors (healthiest!!)

Question 47

projective test

Answer 47

structured exposure to ambiguous prompts to reveal inner unconscious thoughts - aligns with psychodynamic approach ex: Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Appreciation Test

Question 48

3 conditions for humanistic approach

Answer 48

genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathy

Question 49

self-actualizing tendency

Answer 49

innate drive within each person to reach their full potential (humanistic)

Question 50

reciprocal determinism

Answer 50

social-cognitive approach; behavior, personal, and environment factors influence each other

Question 51

self-concept

Answer 51

evaluation of oneself

Question 52

self-efficacy

Answer 52

belief in one's ability to accomplish tasks

Question 53

self esteem

Answer 53

overall self worth

Question 54

trait theory

Answer 54

personality consist of stable, enduring characteristics

Question 55

big 5 traits

Answer 55

(OCEAN) openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism