Unit 5 - Mental & Physical Health

Question 1

positive psychology

Answer 1

focus on human strengths and positive emotions

Question 2

positive subjective experience

Answer 2

personal perception of an event that elicits positive emotions

Question 3

positive objective experience

Answer 3

event that universally elicits positive emotions

Question 4

American Psychiatric Association’s DSM

Answer 4

used primarily in US, detailed descriptions and diagnostic criteria of mental disorders; criticized for overdiagnosis

Question 5

World Health Organization’s ICD

Answer 5

used worldwide and broadly covers physical and mental health disorders

Question 6

behavioral perspective on psychological disorders

Answer 6

learned helplessness, maladaptive learned associations

Question 7

cognitive perspective on psychological disorders

Answer 7

maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitude

Question 8

psychodynamic perspective on psychological disorders

Answer 8

traumatic childhood events, unconscious thoughts

Question 9

humanistic perspective on psychological disorders

Answer 9

inability to fulfill one’s potential, lack of support

Question 10

biological perspective on psychological disorders

Answer 10

physiological or genetic issues

Question 11

evolutionary perspective on psychological disorders

Answer 11

reduce the likelihood of survival

Question 12

sociocultural perspective on psychological disorders

Answer 12

maladaptive social and cultural dynamics

Question 13

eclectic approach on psychological disorders

Answer 13

uses multiple perspectives

Question 14

diathesis-stress model

Answer 14

diathesis: vulnerable to disorder due to genetics
stress: disorder caused by environment

Question 15

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 15

appear in early childhoos
-ADHD:inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
-ASD: social difficulties, restricted/repetitive behavior & interests

Question 16

acute vs chronic schizophrenic spectrum disorder

Answer 16

acute: sudden onset of severe symptoms
chronic: long-term condition

Question 17

positive symptoms of schizophrenic disorder

Answer 17

-delusions of persecution (fear of harm)
-delusions of grandeur (belief of exceptional abilities)
-hallucinations
-disorganized thinking & behavior
-catatonic excitement (restlessness)

Question 18

negative symptoms of schizophrenic disorder

Answer 18

-flat effect (no emotion)
-catatonic stupor (less reactivity to stimuli)

Question 19

Major vs persistent depression

Answer 19

major: 2 or more symptoms for at least 2 weeks
persistent: fewer and less severe symptoms but at least 2 years

Question 20

manic vs depressive bipolar episodes

Answer 20

-manic: range from irritable to invincible
-depressive: low mood, worthless

Question 21

Bipolar 1 vs Bipolar 2

Answer 21

1: more severe manic episodes that last several days/weeks
2: less severe episodes that last a shorter duration

Question 22

anxiety disorders

Answer 22

-agoraphobia: fear of social situations
-panic disorder: panic attacks that cause avoidance behaviors
-social anxiety disorder: fear of being watched in public
-generalized anxiety disorder: prolonged nonspecific anxiety

Question 23

Obsessive Compulsive disorder

Answer 23

obsessions:intrusive thoughts
compulsions: rituals

Question 24

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 24

inability to remember personal info or past events
-fugue: wandering w/out awareness

Question 25

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 25

presence of multiple distinct personality states

Question 26

Anorexia Nervousa

Answer 26

strong desire to lose wi=eight, low BMI, habitually restricted eating

Question 27

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 27

binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors

Question 28

Cluster A personality disorders

Answer 28

Odd/eccentric -paranoid -schizoid (avoid relationships) -schizotypal (like schizoid + belief in supernatural)

Question 29

Cluster B personality disorders

Answer 29

Dramatic/Emotional/Erratic -antisocial (manipulative) -histrionic (attention-seeking) -narcissistic -borderline (fear of abandonment)

Question 30

Cluster C personality disorders

Answer 30

Anxious/fearful -avoidant (sensitive to criticism) -dependent -obsessive-compulsive

Question 31

psychotherapy

Answer 31

talk therapiesp

Question 32

psychotropic treatment

Answer 32

biological therapy

Question 33

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 33

-free association: patient verbalizes whatever comes to mid (to access unconscious material) -dream interpretation

Question 34

cognitive therapy

Answer 34

changing negative thoughts -cognitive restructuring of maladaptive thinking

Question 35

applied behavior analysis

Answer 35

-exposure therapies (systematic desensitization) -aversion therapies (pairing unwanted behavior with unpleasant stimulant) -token economy

Question 36

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 36

-dialectical: focuses on balance -rational-emotive: focuses on disputing irrational thoughts

Question 37

antidepressants

Answer 37

-treats depression by influencing NTs ex: SSRIs block reuptake of serotonin

Question 38

Antianxiety

Answer 38

-treats anxiety by reducing activity of central nervous system ex: benzodiazepines increase GABA activity

Question 39

Lithium

Answer 39

treats bipolar disorder

Question 40

antipsychotics

Answer 40

aka neuroleptics, treat schizophrenia and severe bipolar disorder by blocking dopamine receptors -causes tardive dyskinesia (lip smacking or grimacy)

Question 41

lesioning

Answer 41

removing a part of the brain

Question 42

lobotomy

Answer 42

historical treatment of inserting an instrument through eye sockets to sever nerve fibers

Question 43

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 43

energy pulses near skull to treat chronic depression (placebo??)

Question 44

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 44

electrodes on head pass an electric current to treat extreme depression and reduce suicide risk --> memory loss?