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AP Psych > Unit 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

Attribution Theory

A

People determine the cause of their own and others’ behavior

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2
Q

Dispositional attributions

A

internal, personality, emotion

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3
Q

Situational attributions

A

external, environment

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4
Q

Explanatory Style

A

how we explain events in our lives

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5
Q

Pessimistic explanatory style

A

blame themselves, depressed

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6
Q

Optimistic explanatory style

A

outside of control, stable, healthier

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7
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

others behavior are dispositional while own behavior is situational

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8
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

overestimate dispositional and underestimate situational

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9
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Take credit for good outcome, bad outcome was situational

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10
Q

Internal locus of control

A

me, what I can control

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11
Q

External locus of control

A

environment/fate, they control not me

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12
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

more around it, more you like it

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13
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

belief in something causes it to become true - behavior

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14
Q

Social comparison

A

evaluating own life in comparison to others
Positive = others are better
Negative= you are better

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15
Q

Relativer deprivation

A

the perception that you’re worse off because of someone else in comparison

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16
Q

Attituude

A

learned predisposition to respond toward certain people

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17
Q

Stereotype

A

general belief of groups/could be positive or negative, no critical thinking

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18
Q

Prejudice

A

beliefs about another group of people

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19
Q

Discrimination

A

actions towards others

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20
Q

Explicit attitudes

A

a conscious belief in one’s social learning

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21
Q

implicit attitudes

A

we don’t know we have them, internal

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22
Q

Just-world phenomenon

A

people get what they deserve/ blame victims

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23
Q

Out-group homogeneity bias

A

own group more diverse than out groups

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24
Q

In-groups bias

A

favor our own in-group over out-groups

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25
Ethnocentrism
our culture is superior to others
26
belief perseverance
still right, even when proven wrong
27
Confirmation bias
Seek only information that supports your view
28
Cognitive dissonance
mental discomfort when attitude and behavior. They are in conflict.
29
Social Norms
expectations and roles for situations/ unwritten (handshake)
30
Social influence theory
Behavior is shaped by the presence of others
31
Persuasion
Influencing others' beliefs and actions
32
Central route to persuasion
content/facts
33
Peripheral route to persuasion
other aspects (emotions, celebrity, humor)
34
Halo effect
impression based on a single attribute/ good looking
35
Foot-in-the-door
A small request leads to a larger
36
Door-in-the-face
denied large request leads to small request
37
Conformity
change in behavior to fit in
38
Obedience
listening to an authority figure
39
Individualism
individual accomplishments over group
40
collectivism
group needs over our own needs
41
Multiculturalism
equal coexistence of multiple cultures within a society
42
Group polarization
like minded group members become more extreme
43
Groupthink
conform to maintain agreement
44
Diffusion of responsibility
less responsible to act when others are present
45
Social loafing
put in less effort when working in a group
46
Deindividuation
lose sense of individuality and act differently in group
47
Social facilitation
put in less effort when working in a group
48
False consensus effect
overestimate the amount of people that agree with you
49
Superordinate goals
working toward a common goal reduces hostility
50
Sociall traps
short term self interest over long-term collective wellbeing
51
Industrial organizational (I/O) psychologists
Focus on the workplace, management of work
52
Altruism
selfless behavior
53
Social reciprocity norm
help those who've helped us
54
Social responsibility norm
expectation to help those in need
55
Bystander effect
more people, less likely to help
56
Psychodynamic Theory
unconscious drives personality
57
Ego defense mechanisms
unconscious protects ego
58
Denial
refusal to accept reality
59
Displacement
directing feelings at someone or something other than the source
60
Projeciton
An attempt to protect one's feelings or self-esteem by blaming others
61
Rationalization
an attempt to justify one's actions with an excuse
62
Reaction formation
acting outwardly the opposite of what one feels
63
Regression
acting as if one were back in an earlier, less troublesome time in their life
64
Repression
the unconscious exclusion or holding back feelings
65
Sublimation
transforming unacceptable behaviors into acceptable ones
66
Projective tests
Probe the preconscious and unconscious mind using pictures, subjective
67
Humanistic psychology
personal growth
68
Unconditional positive regard
support and love
69
Self-actualization
goal in life, full potential
70
Reciprocal determinism
behavior, personal factor, and environment create personality
71
Self-concept
perception of oneself
72
Self-effeicacy
belief in ability
73
Self-esteem
emotional evaluation
74
Trait theory
characteristics
75
The Big Five Theory
Personality can be determined by Agreeableness, Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Emotional stability
76
Agreeableness
Level of empathy, kindness, and cooperation
77
Openness to experience
Curiosity, imagination, novel experiences
78
Extraversion
socialability, assertiveness, and social interaction
79
Conscientiousness
organization, responsibility, goal-directedness
80
Emotional stability (neuroticism)
anxiety, worry, sadness
81
Factor analysis
is used to measure and organize responses
82
Drive reduction theory
Keeps body at homeostasis
83
Homeostasis
maintaining balance
84
Arousal Theory
want comfortable levels of arousal
85
Yerkes-Dodson Law
describes the relationship between arousal and performance, suggesting that performance improves with increasing arousal, but only up to a certain point
86
Self-determination theory
people want to learn and grow
87
Intrinsic motivation
personally rewarding and fulfilling
88
Extrinsic motivation
external reward
89
Incentive theory
motivation by external stimuli
90
Instincts
survival, innate, humans don't seem to have them
91
Kurt Lewin's Motivational Conflict Theory
choose between two things
92
Approach-approach conflict
two good
93
Approach-avoidance conflict
two bad
94
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
Each event has good and bad
95
Sensation-seeking theory
seek out arousing and thrilling activities
96
Experience seeking
novel experiences such as art, travel, music
97
Thrill or adventure seeking
outdoor activities and physically challenging
98
Disinhibition
seeking social settings to let loose
99
Boredom susceptibility
Aversion to repetition, routine, and predictable circumstances
100
Ghrelin
hunger hormone, released when stomach is empty
101
Leptin
produced by fat cells to eliminate hunger
102
Hypothalamus
both hormones send info to hypothalamus
103
Pituitary gland
helps metabolism, controls, endocrine system
104
Physiological Emotional response
heartbeat increases, blood presure, perspiration
105
Cognitive label Emotional response
thought process of surroundings
106
facial-feedback hypothesis
Facial expressions alter emotional feelings
107
Broaden-and-Build theory of emotion
emotions affect our wellbeing
108
Universal emotions
anger, disgust, sadness, happiness, fear, contempt, surprise
109
Display rules
norms on how we express emotions in social situations

AP Psych (7 decks)

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