Ivan the Terrible
The first Russian Czar. He added a lot of lands to Russia, he created a code of laws, and ruled justly.
boyars
Group of nobles and land owners who struggled with Ivan for power of the empire.
Peter the Great
Russian Czar from the Romanovs, he made many reforms and strengthened the government. He conquered many lands to achieve his goal, his goal was to have a warm water port for Russia. Peter achieved this goal when he conquered part of the baltic strait. He created St. Petersburg which was Russia’s first warm water port.
westernization
The use of the western Europe model of culture and government.
annul
The setting aside of Henrys marriage by the pope.
Elizabeth I
Henrys daughter who made a large amount of reforms for England.
James I
King of Scotland who became the king of England. He had many struggles with the English parliament.
Charles I
Son of James I, Charles also had struggles with the English parliament, he never listened to them and there decrees.
English Civil War
The english civil war was a war fought between the supporters of Charles and the opponents of Charles.
Oliver Cromwell
The puritan general whose army defeated the Cavaliers.
Charles II
Parliament voted him into power, he restored the monarchy and started the period of restoration.
Restoration
The period of time where Charles II put monarchy back into power in England.
habeas corpus
The guaranteed freedom, it gave the right to prisoners to be brought in front of a judge and they would be tried.
Glorious Revolution
The bloodless overthrow of King James II.
James II
The king after Charles II who was overthrown by the Protestants.
William & Mary
Prince William of orange and Mary was the son of James II, they overthrew James II.
constitutional monarchy
Government which has laws that limit the power of the rulers.
cabinet
Part of the parliament which had the Prime minister.
