unit 5 concept 1 Flashcards
With the exception of gametes, all cells in your body are…
diploid and contain 2 copies of each chromosome.
- One copy from mom (in her egg)
- One copy from dad (in his sperm)
What is a gene?
section of DNA that provides the instructions for making a protein.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different versions of the same gene.
What are homologous chromosomes?
the matching chromosomes from our mom and dad
Who is Gregor Mendel?
Australian monk who used pea plants to learn about genetics
known as the Father of genetics.
What are the three laws of inheritance?
Law of dominance
Law of segregation
Law of independent assortment
What is a cross in genetics?
A cross is the mating of two organisms.
What do P, F1, and F2 represent in genetics?
P represents the parental generation, F1 represents the first generation
F2 represents the second generation.
How are alleles assigned?
uppercase for dominant and lowercase for recessive.
What is homozygous?
refers to having 2 of the same alleles.
What is heterozygous?
refers to having 2 different alleles.
What is the Law of dominance?
A dominant allele will always express itself over a recessive allele.
What is a genotype?
Genotype is the actual alleles inherited.
What is a phenotype?
physical manifestation seen in an organism.
What is the Law of segregation?
when chromosomes separate in meiosis, each gamete will receive only one chromosome from each pair.
What is the Law of independent assortment?
the assortment of chromosomes for one trait doesn’t affect the assortment of chromosomes for another trait.
What is a Punnett square?
diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from parents with certain genes.
What is a monohybrid cross?
cross between two organisms looking at one trait.
