unit 6 concept 1

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

process of biological change in populations over time that makes decendants genetically different from thier ancestors

Question 2

2 types of evolution

Answer 2

microevolution and macroevolution

Question 3

microevolution

Answer 3

Occurs on small scale affecting single population

Question 4

macroevolution

Answer 4

occurs on large scale affecting changes in species across populations

many micro evolutions=macroevolution

diverge into sepereate species

Question 5

Charles darwin

Answer 5

English naturalist,

went on a voyage to the galapagos islands -> saw different species lived on different islands and had specific characteristics for that island.

developed his theory of natural selection to serve as the mechanism for how evolution occurs

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

organisms with the best traits/ adaptions will live longer and reproduce more than others causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable

Question 7

Fitness

Answer 7

a measure of how well you can survive in your environment

Question 8

Survival of the fittest is based on… (4)

Answer 8

Overproduction of offspring
variation
adaptation
decent with modification

Question 9

overproduction of offspring

Answer 9

lots of offspring and limited resources causes competition for those resources

Question 10

variation

Answer 10

differences in the physical traits of organisms

Question 11

sources of variation

Answer 11

random mutations (ULTIMATE source)

genetic recombination during meiosis (crossing over)

migration (gene flow)

Question 12

adaption

Answer 12

a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its enviornment

Question 13

Adaption: beneficial traits AKA (adaptations)

Answer 13

will become more common over time because organisms should live longer and thus be able to reproduce more

Question 14

adaptations changes the…

Answer 14

gene pool
- the combined alleles of all individuals in a population

Question 15

Principles of natural selection (4)

Answer 15

decent with modification, adaptation, variation, overproduction of offspring

Question 16

decent with modification

Answer 16

change in gene frequency

• natural selection leads to populations with new phenotypes adapted to new situations

their traits come from their ancestors

beneficial traits should become more common over time

Question 17

individuals dont evolve, populations

Answer 17

do

Question 18

3 modes of selection

Answer 18

Directional, disruptive, stabalizing

Question 19

Directional selection

Answer 19

increase the expression of an extreme version of a trait in a population

eg. the moths

Question 20

Disruptive selection

Answer 20

splits a population into 2 groups

removes individuals with average traits, and favors the 2 extremes

eg. camoflauging

Question 21

disruptive selection is..

Answer 21

double that of directional selection

Question 22

stabalizing selection

Answer 22

eliminates extreme expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness

eg. birth weight

Question 23

p=

Answer 23

frequency of the dominant allele

Question 24

q=

Answer 24

frequency of the recessive allele

Question 25

p+q=

Answer 25

1

Question 25

example of allele frequency question

Answer 25

write it out

Question 26

mechanisms of microevolution (5)

Answer 26

mutations natural selection genetic drift gene flow non-random mating (sexual selection)

Question 27

mutation (4)

Answer 27

creates new genotypes and thus new phenotypes changes the allele frequency in a population increases variation= drives evolution. can be harmful benficial or neutrual

Question 28

allele frequency

Answer 28

how common the allele is in the gene pool

Question 29

natural selection (mech) (2)

Answer 29

organisms more fit for their enviornments will survive and reproduce more -beneficial traits (adaptations) will thus become more common overtime

Question 30

genetic drift (4)

Answer 30

random change in the frequency of alleles in a population overtime rare alleles in pop. will decrease in frequency while others increase often results in a loss of genetic variation. changes may be more apparent in smaller populations

Question 31

gene flow

Answer 31

movement of genes into/out of a population occurs during migration increase in genetic variation in population

Question 32

sexual selection aka non random breeding

Answer 32

certain traits increase an individual's chances of attracting a mate, even if those traits do not necessarily improve survival.

Question 33

genetic equilibrium (hardy weinberg equilibrium) HWE

Answer 33

when there are NO changes in the allele frequency in a population over time

Question 34

evolution will NOT occur if (5)

Answer 34

population is large must be random mating (not sexual selection) no migration no mutations no natural selection All criteria has to be met