Unit 5: The Central Dogma - Entry & Exit Tickets

Question 1

Examine the following two DNA sequences.

Sequence 1: TTC ATG CTG GTG ACG

Sequence 2: TTT ATG CTG GTA ACA

If both of these sequences code for proteins, how might the function of protein 2 differ from the function of protein 1?

Answer 1

Protein 1 and Protein 2 will function exactly the same.

Question 2

The ribosome is made of what two things?

Answer 2

Two subunits and rRNA

Question 3

If growth factors are not produced by cells, or not enough are produced, what can occur?

Answer 3

Tumor or cancer growth

Question 4

What is complementary to the mRNA codon?

Answer 4

Anticodon

Question 5

Which enzyme grows the nucleic acid in the 5’ to 3’ direction?

Answer 5

Polymerase

Question 6

Anticodons are found on what structure?

Answer 6

tRNA

Question 7

DNA and RNA polymerase always add bases in what order?

Answer 7

5’ to 3’ direction on all strands

Question 8

The nucleoid is where which two processes occur?

Answer 8

Replication occurs in a prokaryote and transcription occurs in a prokaryote

Question 9

What mRNA sequence does the DNA template strand GTG CAT CCA code for?

Answer 9

CAC GUA GGU

Question 10

What amino acid does the codon GAU code for?

Answer 10

Aspartic acid

Question 11

The match to a mRNA codon is called what?

Answer 11

Anticodon

Question 12

Which of the following enzymes is NOT directly involved in DNA replication?

Answer 12

Amylase

Question 13

DNA replication is ____________ with each __________ acting as a template for the synthesis of a complementary _________.

Answer 13

semiconservative; parent strand; new strand

Question 14

How does RNA polymerase grow the new mRNA strand?

Answer 14

5’ to 3’ in the direction of the new strand

Question 15

In what ways is RNA different from DNA?

Answer 15

RNA is single stranded, RNA contains ribose, RNA contains uracil

Question 16

The checkpoint to enter S phase from G1 phase is which of the following?

Answer 16

Making sure the cell is growing and has nutrients

Question 17

Spindle fibers attach to what part of the chromatids?

Answer 17

Kinetochores

Question 18

What happens in S phase of interphase?

Answer 18

DNA replicates

Question 19

If a cell cycle lasts 24 hours, which of the following most likely represents the time it would take for mitosis to occur?

Answer 19

3 Hours

Question 20

If a cell cycle lasts 24 hours, in what phase would you find most cells if you viewed them under a microscope?

Answer 20

Interphase

Question 21

What do we call the sides of the DNA ladder?

Answer 21

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 22

The phosphate group is found at the _______ end of the strand.

Answer 22

5’

Question 23

Name the components of a nucleotide, left to right

Answer 23

Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 24

What is the number of hydroxyl (OH) groups in a DNA nucleotide?

Answer 24

1

Question 25

This scientist discovered the underlying structure of DNA molecules using x-rays

Answer 25

Rosalind Franklin

Question 26

This scientist(s) put the nucleotide bases together to form a double helix.

Answer 26

Watson and Crick

Question 27

Why must DNA be replicated?

Answer 27

So daughter cells have exact copies of DNA

Question 28

When do you think DNA replication occurs in a daughter cell?

Answer 28

S phase

Question 29

What does DNA polymerase do in the 3' to 5' direction?

Answer 29

Reads

Question 30

What does DNA polymerase do in the 5' to 3' direction?

Answer 30

Grows

Question 31

An unknown DNA sample is collected and analyzed. What would you expect to discover when looking at the data?

Answer 31

For every nitrogenous base, there is a sugar and phosphate group. There are just as many As as Ts and as many Cs as Gs.

Question 32

The nitrogenous bases (A-T and C-G) are held together by what force?

Answer 32

Hydrogen bonds

Question 33

The phosphate group is associated with which end of the DNA strand?

Answer 33

5' end

Question 34

Which scientist found that adenine, thymine, and cytosine, guanine, were always in equal amounts in the genetic molecule?

Answer 34

Chargaff

Question 35

Which two bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 35

Cytosine and Thymine

Question 36

Which two bases are purines?

Answer 36

Adenine and guanine

Question 37

The polymer of a nucleic acid is called a...

Answer 37

Polynucleotide

Question 38

DNA consists of what nitrogenous bases?

Answer 38

Guanine, adenine, thymine, and cytosine

Question 39

A nucleotide is comprised of what things?

Answer 39

Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 40

Kinetochores are where...

Answer 40

Spindle fibers attach to chromatids

Question 41

In order for a cell to move into G2 phase, what needs to occur?

Answer 41

The cell has to show that there were no DNA replication errors.

Question 42

When does the cell copy its DNA?

Answer 42

S Phase

Question 43

Cells that do progress too slowly or too quickly through the cell cycle can cause what to form?

Answer 43

Cancer cells

Question 44

Which macromolecule contains genetic information?

Answer 44

Nucleic acids

Question 45

Which of the following are examples of nucleic acids?

Answer 45

DNA, ATP, and RNA

Question 46

DNA is made of what three components?

Answer 46

Nitrogenous bases, phosphate group, and deoxyribose sugar

Question 47

If one strand of DNA is ATC GGT AAC, what is the complementary strand?

Answer 47

TAG CCA TTG

Question 48

If a cell cycle lasts 24 hours, which of the following most likely represents the time it would take for mitosis to occur?

Answer 48

1 hour

Question 49

If a cell cycle lasts 24 hours, in what phase would you find most cells if you viewed them under a microscope?

Answer 49

Interphase

Question 50

If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24 chromosomes, then a grasshopper wing cell contains how many chromosomes?

Answer 50

24

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in humans?

Answer 51

Production of gametes

Question 52

Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prophase in terms of changes within the nucleus?

Answer 52

Telophase

Question 53

Cancer is a disease where cells undergo mitosis uncontrollably. The technique used to produce the data displayed might be useful for a cancer biologist who wishes to

Answer 53

Determine the effect of medication on protein synthesis at various times in the cell cycle

Question 54

Which statement explains the nature of the assessment carried out at the G1 checkpoint?

Answer 54

The cell evaluates the integrity of the DNA and checks for damage before DNA replication occurs

Question 55

A cell undergoes several different steps as it divides into two identical daughter cells. The cell is undergoing cell division. In the step immediately following metaphase, one daughter cell is missing a chromosome, and the other daughter cell has an extra chromosome. What happened in the step immediately before the phase pictured here to cause this problem?

Answer 55

A spindle fiber captured a chromosome on one side of the centromere, but a spindle fiber from the other centriole failed to capture it from the opposite side.

Question 56

Cells perform DNA replication during what phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 56

S phase

Question 57

Making sure that the cells have nutrients, organelles, and have started to grow is a checkpoint for the cell to do what?

Answer 57

Leave G1 phase and enter S phase

Question 58

The spindle fibers attach to the ____________ during mitosis

Answer 58

centromere/kinetochore