Unit 6 Flashcards
smooth strain = harmful
rough strain = harmless
the heated harmful = __________
heated harmful + harmful = _________
mice lived, mice died
___________ is the use of biological systems to create products.
____________ is a branch of biotech that uses specific procedures and techniques to change an organism’s DNA
biotechnology, genetic engineering
a plasmid is a ___________. recombinant dna is _____________.
small circular molecule of DNA found in bacteria, DNA that contains genes from two or more sources
a micropipette is _____________. A p20 minimum is 2 and its maximum is 20.
an instrument used to transfer small volumes of liquid
gel electrophoresis is _________________. The size of the DNA fragment can be determined by its ____________ in the agarose gel. DNA is _________ so it moves in response to a negative charge. The wells face the negative side
a process used to separate and identify a mixture of biomolecules, location, negative
a _________ is used to maintain a constant pH and help conduct an electrical current.
sb buffer
DNA can be amplified through the _____________ which is ____________
polymers chain reaction, a process where DNA is copied
how does the polymerase chain reaction work?
at one end the scientist adds a short complementary piece/primer
DNA is heated to separate the strands
then cooled to allow the primers to bind
The primers allow DNA polymerase to come and make the copies
the copies serve as templates for new strands
DNA can be cut using ____________. which cut at __________ also called _________. These make ____________.
restriction enzymes, specific base, restriction sites sequences
Restriction enzymes ALWAYS cut ____________. when asked “between” choose between the bonds. The hydrogen bonds just peel off.
covalent
Restriction enzymes create ____________ which is where the nitrogenous bases are out making it susceptible to hydrogen bonds.
sticky ends
transformation is ______________.
when a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell,
Natural barriers that must be overcome to insert a plasmid:
__________________ (_____)
________________
which repels DNA since it is ___________.
cell membrane, negative charge, cell wall, negative
________ is a sudden increase in temperature. This causes the pressure _____________ the cell to increase. This creates gaps in the cell membrane, also called ___________. The pressure makes the plasmid get pushed into the cell.
heat shock, outside, adhesion zones,
The bacteria is placed in a solution with ____________. to neutralize the negative charge.
When the cell is able to take in the plasmid it is called ______________.
positive calcium ions, competent cell
a vector is ___________________. which could also be a recombinant plasmid.
a vehicle for carrying DNA sequences from one organism to another
what is a promoter?
what is an activator?
what is an origin of replication site (ori)
a region of DNA where transcription of a gene is initiated
a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription
sequence the enzymes bind to initiate DNA replication
read notes on plasmids
read
the __________ comes from e-coli and it contains the ___________ of rfp and antibiotic resistance.
Para-R plasmid, selective markers
In the lab _____________ was used to grow bacteria.
3 plates
LB
LB amp
LB amp arabinose
luria broth
_____________ is a sugar that activates the transcription of the protein of interest RFP.
arabinose
The para-r plasmid contains
________
_______
_______
_______
_______
ori
araC
pBAD
rfp
ampR
what are these and their functions
araC
pBAD
rfp
ampR
arabinose activator protein gene - codes for the activator protein, which turns on the promoter pBAD in the PRESENCE OF ARABINOSE.
promoter for rfp gene
gene responsible for the red color
ampicillin resistance gene - confers resistance to ampicillin
what is a selective/genetic marker? and examples
gene on a plasmid that allows people to tell if the plasmid has been taken in nu the cell; resistance gene, rfp, dye
