Unit 3 Flashcards
What is the main compounds that cells use to store and release energy?
ATP
___________ are the key to ATP’s ability to ________ and _______ energy.
phosphate, store, release
When a cell has energy available, it can store it in _________ by adding a ________ to _____ making it _______. The energy is released by breaking the ________ between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates.
small amounts, phosphate group, ADP, ATP, chemical bond
it is more efficient for cells to have a _______ of ATP, since it is not good at ________
small amount, storing large amounts of energy
What is photosynthesis?
plants use the energy of sunlight to convert WATER and CARBON DIOXIDE into high energy carbohydrates and oxygen (WASTE PRODUCT).
In the presence of __________ plants transform ______ and _____ into ______ and release ________
light, Co2, H2O, carbs, oxygen
What is the photosynthesis and cellular respiration equation?
Photosynthesis - 6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular respiration -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (energy)
chlorophyll is __________ and it contains ________ which is_________. Chlorophyll does NOT absorb light that is ________ this light is reflected by leaves.
pigment molecule that absorbs light for photosynthesis, pigment, light absorbing molecule, green
Photosynthesis happens in the ___________. Thylakoid is ____________ and stacks of thylakoids are called _______. Photosystems are _____________.
chloroplast, sac like photosynthetic membrane, granum, proteins in the thylakoid that collect chlorophyll and other pigments and form cluster, light collecting units of the chloroplast
Light dependent reaction takes place in the ____________. and the light independent reaction or the __________ takes place in the ___________
thylakoid membrane and lumen, Calvin cycle, stroma (region outside the thylakoid)
High energy electrons require ____________. These are ______________.
carrier, compounds that can accept a pair of electrons and transfer them along to another molecule.
What type of carrier molecule is used in photosynthesis and what does it carry?
NADP+, holds 2 high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion (H+). WHEN IT ACCEPTS THESE IT TURNS INTO NADPH
light dependent reaction _______________. The energy from LDR is used to power the ____________.
require light to produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH, Calvin Cycle
Write out the process of LDR and check notes for answer.
write
______ and ______ from LDR are used for ________. This is used to ______________. Also known as the light independent reaction.
ATP, NADPH, Calvin cycle, built high energy compounds that can be stored for a long time (SUGARS)
Calvin cycle occurs in the ________. it makes ________ for each turn.
stroma, 18
write down the process of Calvin cycle and check answer in notes.
write
Cellular respiration = ________
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
What are the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic - more efficient, needs oxygen, 3 step process
anaerobic - absence of oxygen -> doesn’t produce a lot of ATP, simpler and less efficient
If cellular respiration took only one step then ___________. There are 3 main parts of CR: _________, _________, and _________.
all energy would be lost in light and heat, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC.
What is produced and what is the purpose of each step of cellular respiration?
glycolysis - process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half producing two molecules of pyruvic acid
Krebs cycle - pyruvic acid created in glycolysis is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy extracting reactions. It produces 4 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP
ETC - uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
Where does Cellular Respiration take place and where do its 3 steps take place?
mitochondria,
glycolysis - cytoplasm
krebs - mitochondria (matrix)
etc - mitochondria (membrane folds)
What are the electron carriers used in cellular respiration?
NAD+ turns into NADH and FAD is turned into FADH2.
What is a carrier molecule?
compound that can accept a pair of electrons and transfer them along to another molecule
