Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the atomic number and atomic mass?
number of protons, protons + neutrons
What are valence electrons and what is the Octet rule?
outer most shell/energy level; electrons that are located on the outer most shell, atoms want to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell
What is the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?
ionic - electrons are transferred from metallic to non metallic; attraction between oppositely charged ions = ionic bond
covalent - sharing of electrons between non metallic atoms; straight line represents 2 electrons
Chemical bonds _______ energy. Energy is _______ when bonds are broken.
store, released
8 protons in _______ atom which makes it have a stronger attraction for electrons. 1 proton in __________. This makes water _______, meaning that —— is _______ and —— is ________
oxygen, hydrogen, polar, negative, positive
Atoms are ________. A compound is _________. An element is _______. A ________ is the smallest unit of a compound and they are neutral.
neutral, chemical combination, pure substance made of one atom, molecule
__________ are bonds that form between water. It is weaker than ionic and covalent.
hydrogen bonds; the O bonds with the H
Due to water’s ability to create hydrogen bonds it gives it certain properties which are?
cohesion - attraction w molecules of the same substance, causes bubbles and surface tension
adhesion - attraction between molecules of different substances, water is sticky
capillary action - adhesion + cohesion, causes a water chain to climb up a tube
universal solvent - it has the ability to dissolve ionic compounds and other polar molecules
high heat capacity
Water is ___________ and ________ makes it an ACID whereas _________ makes it a BASE.
neutral, H+ ions, OH- ions
macromolecules are __________ and are formed by ______________. ________ join to create macromolecules. Monomer may be identical but __________.
giant molecules, polymerization - large compounds are built by joining small ones together, monomers, links may be different
What are the four major macromolecules and what elements are in them?
carbohydrate - CHO, lipids CHO, protein - CHON, nucleic acid - CHONP
What are the polymers, monomers, and functions of each of the macromolecules?
Carbon
- polysaccharide
-monosaccharide
- short term energy/store excess sugar
Lipid
- Lipid/fat
-Glycerol head, Fatty acid tail
-insulation, long term energy storage, steroid, membrane
Nucleic Acid
- DNA, RNA
- nucleotides
- store/transmit genetic info
Protein
- protein polypeptide
- amino acid
- control rxn rate, regulation, fight disease, build bones and muscle, transport
Draw the macromolecules and look in notes for answer.
draw
Denaturation is ______________ and dehydration synthesis is ____________ and _________ undoes ——- by adding water.
change in structure of a protein; alters its function, form of polymerization by removing water, hydrolysis
Amino acids are held together by __________. They form via ________.
peptide bonds, dehydration synthesis
A chemical reaction is _____________. Reactants are _______ and _______ are produced in a chemical reaction. The energy that is needed to start the reaction is known as ___________
a process that changes one set of chemicals to another; changes in chemical bonds, elements/compounds that enter a chemical reaction, products, activation energy
energy absorbing reaction = ________ energy releasing = ___________
endothermic, exothermic
What is a catalyst and enzyme?
catalyst - substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
enzyme - proteins that are biological catalysts ENZYMES DO NOT SUPPLY ENERGY.
draw an enemy substrate complex and label everything then check notes to see if its correct.
draw
What is part of the amino group in a protein? What is part of the carboxyl group in a protein? What does the R stand for
N H H, C O OH, distinguishes the amino acid
