unit 7 part 1 (52-59)

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

instinct

Answer 2

innate impulse

Question 3

physiological need

Answer 3

basic bodily requirement

Question 4

drive reduction theory

Answer 4

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

Question 6

incentive

Answer 6

positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 7

yerkes dodson law

Answer 7

moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

Question 8

hierarchy of needs

Answer 8

abraham maslow. hierarchy of human needs

Question 9

glucose

Answer 9

form of sugar that circulates blood, provides major energy source for body. low level = hunger

Question 10

set point

Answer 10

point where your weight is set. when below this, increased hunger + lower metabolism combine to restore lost weight

Question 11

basal metabolic rate

Answer 11

body’s resting rate of energy output

Question 12

obesity

Answer 12

excess body fat, resulting is higher weight

Question 13

asexual

Answer 13

having no sexual attraction towards others

Question 14

testosterone

Answer 14

main male sex hormone

Question 15

estrogens

Answer 15

main female sex hormone

Question 16

sexual response cycle

Answer 16

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 17

refractory period

Answer 17

resting period after orgasm where you cant have another

Question 18

affiliation need

Answer 18

need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

Question 19

ostracism

Answer 19

social exclusion

Question 20

narcissism

Answer 20

excessive self-love and self-absorption

Question 21

achivement motivation

Answer 21

desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, and for attaining a high standard

Question 22

grit

Answer 22

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals

Question 23

emotion

Answer 23

mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience

Question 24

james lange theory

Answer 24

arousal before emotion (ex: racing heart, then shaking, then emotion)

Question 25

cannon bard theory

Answer 25

arousal and emotion at same time (ex: heart pounding as you feel fear)

Question 26

two factor / schachter singer theory

Answer 26

arousal + cognitive label = emotion (ex:

Question 27

polygraph

Answer 27

measure emotion-linked automatic arousal (heart rate, perspiration)

Question 28

facial feedback effect

Answer 28

tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Question 29

stress

Answer 29

process which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors) that we appraise as threatening or challenging - catastophe, life changes, social stress, daily hassles

Question 30

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 30

selye's concept of bodies adaptive response to stress in 3 stages- alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 31

tend and befriend response

Answer 31

under stress, ppl (esp women) often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others

Question 32

health psychology

Answer 32

subfield of psych, provides psychologys contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 33

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 33

study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 34

coronary heart disease

Answer 34

US leading cause of death. clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle

Question 35

type a personality

Answer 35

competitive, hard driving, impatient, aggressive, anger prone

Question 36

type b personality

Answer 36

easygoing, relaxed

Question 37

catharsis

Answer 37

idea that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

Question 38

aerobic exercise

Answer 38

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness. also helps alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 39

mindfulness meditation

Answer 39

reflective practice where people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner

Question 40

feed good do good phenomenon

Answer 40

peoples tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 41

positive psychology

Answer 41

scientific study of human flourishing. goal of discovering + promoting strengths and virtues

Question 42

subjective well being

Answer 42

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life, used along w/ measures of objective well being

Question 43

adaptation level phenomenon

Answer 43

tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 44

relative deprivation

Answer 44

perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom compares oneself

Question 45

physiological needs (tier 1)

Answer 45

needs to satisfy hunger and thirst

Question 46

safety needs (tier 2)

Answer 46

need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; safe

Question 47

love and belonging (tier 3)

Answer 47

need to love and be love. to belong and be accepted. to avoid loneliness and seperationn

Question 48

esteem (tier 4)

Answer 48

need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, independence. need for recognition and respect from others

Question 49

self actualization (tier 5)

Answer 49

need to live up to our fullest and unique potential

Question 50

self transcendence

Answer 50

need to find meaning and identity beyond the self

Question 51

ghrelin

Answer 51

hormone that is produced and released mainly by the stomach with small amounts also released by the small intestine, pancreas and brain