unit 7 part 2 (61-64)

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 2

psychodynamic theories

Answer 2

theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and emphasizes childhood experiences

Question 3

psychoanalysis

Answer 3

freud theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

Question 4

unconscious

Answer 4

reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories

Question 5

free association

Answer 5

method of exploring unconscious where person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind

Question 6

id

Answer 6

pleasure principle. demands immediate gratification

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

reality principle. mix of id and superego, makes realistic desires.

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

moral compass, standards for judgement and future aspirations

Question 9

psychosexual stages

Answer 9

childhood stages of development, id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Question 10

oedipus complex

Answer 10

boys sexual desires for mother, hatred and jealously for ‘rival’ father
(fem: electra complex)

Question 11

identification

Answer 11

process which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

Question 12

fixation

Answer 12

lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were unresolved

Question 13

defense mechanisms

Answer 13

egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 14

repression

Answer 14

basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Question 15

collective unconscious

Answer 15

carl jung, concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory traces for our species’ history

Question 16

projective test

Answer 16

personality test that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics
ex: Rorschach

Question 17

thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 17

projective test in which ppl express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 18

rorscach inkblot test

Answer 18

projective test, 10 inkblots. seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.

Question 19

terror-management theory

Answer 19

death related anxiety theory; explores response to reminder of impending death

Question 20

humanistic theories

Answer 20

theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

Question 21

self actualization

Answer 21

ultimate psychological seed, motivation to fulfill ones potential

Question 22

self transcendence

Answer 22

striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self

Question 23

unconditional positive regard

Answer 23

nonjudgmental attitude, carl rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 24

self-concept

Answer 24

idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others.

Question 25

trait

Answer 25

characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways

Question 26

personality inventory

Answer 26

questionnaire where people respond to items intended to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors

Question 27

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

Answer 27

originally developed to identify emotional disorders. contains questions meant to tell if taker is lying.

Question 28

empirically derived test

Answer 28

test like mmpi created by selecting from a pool of items that discriminate between groupd

Question 29

social cognitive perspective

Answer 29

bandura, views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context

Question 30

behavioral approach

Answer 30

focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development

Question 31

reciprocal determinism

Answer 31

interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and enviornment

Question 32

spotlight effect

Answer 32

overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

Question 33

self esteem

Answer 33

feelings of high or low self worth

Question 34

self efficacy

Answer 34

sense of competence and effectiveness

Question 35

self serving bias

Answer 35

readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Question 36

narcissism

Answer 36

excessive self love

Question 37

individualism

Answer 37

giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification

Question 38

oral stage

Answer 38

• 0-18 months
• zone: mouth
• sucking, biting chewing

Question 39

anal stage

Answer 39

• 18-36 months
• anus
• potty training

Question 40

phallic stage

Answer 40

• 3-6 years
• genitals
• focus on incestuous feelings (oedipus, electra complexes)

Question 41

latent stage

Answer 41

• 6 to puberty
• dormant sexual feelings

Question 42

genital stage

Answer 42

• puberty on
• maturation of sexual interests

Question 43

regression

Answer 43

retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage

Question 44

reaction formation

Answer 44

switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Question 45

projection

Answer 45

disguising ones own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 46

rationalization

Answer 46

offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons

Question 47

displacement

Answer 47

shifting impulses toward a more acceptable / less threatening person or object

Question 48

sublimation

Answer 48

transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives

Question 49

denial

Answer 49

refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

Question 50

collectivism

Answer 50

worldview where social behavior is guided largely by goals that are shared by a collective