unit 8

Question 1

What does heredity mean?

Answer 1

Transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

Scientific study of heredity

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A character being passed from one generation to the next

Question 4

What is an allele?

Answer 4

The alternate versions of the genes

Question 5

What is the law of segregation?

Answer 5

Two alleles from one generation are passed onto offspring separately. Offspring only get one allele

Question 6

How many alleles do individuals have?

Answer 6

2 alleles (homo or hetero)

Question 7

What can alleles be?

Answer 7

Dominant or recessive

Question 8

When and why do alleles separate?

Answer 8

During meiosis so they are inherited independently

Question 9

What is a dihybrid cross?

Answer 9

Two trait cross

Question 10

What is the law of independent assortment?

Answer 10

Genes of different characters separate from one another during gamete formation and can be inherited individually

Question 11

What happens to genes on different chromosomes?

Answer 11

They are separated into different gametes

Question 12

What happens to genes on the same chromosome?

Answer 12

They can have crossing over between them

Question 13

How do you fill out a dihybrid cross?

Answer 13

Determine the gametes of both parents using foil

Question 14

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 14

Neither allele is dominant over the other

Question 15

What happens to an offspring’s appearance during incomplete dominance?

Answer 15

The appearance is a blend between the phenotypes of the two parents

Question 16

What is codominace?

Answer 16

When neither allele is dominant over the other

Question 17

What happens to the offsprings appearance in codominace?

Answer 17

Both alleles are expressed at the same time and a mixture is observed, the appearance contains both traits

Question 18

What is human blood type an example of?

Answer 18

Codominace and multiple allelism

Question 19

What is multiple allelism?

Answer 19

More than 2 alleles possible for a given gene

Question 20

What blood type is the universal receiver?

Answer 20

AB

Question 21

What blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 21

O

Question 22

What does the sec of an individual depend on?

Answer 22

The X and Y chromosome

Question 23

What are sex-linked genes?

Answer 23

Genes that are located on the X chromosome

Question 24

What are sex-linked traits?

Answer 24

Traits determined by the sex-linked genes

Question 25

Are sex-linked traits dominant or recessive?

Answer 25

Recessive: Both X chromosomes must have the genes in order for the trait to be expressed

Question 26

What is a carrier?

Answer 26

A person that has the trait on only one chromosome and does not express the trait (always women)

Question 27

What are pedigrees?

Answer 27

Studies how a trait is passed from one generation to the next

Question 28

What can pedigrees be used for?

Answer 28

To determine if a disorder is genetic and what type of

Question 29

Memorize parts of pedigree

Answer 29

…

Question 30

How do you know if a trait is recessive in a pedigree?

Answer 30

It may “skip” a generation. Can shave unaffected parents

Question 31

How do you know if a trait is dominant in a pedigree?

Answer 31

50% chance of each offspring getting the trait from an affected parent

Question 32

How do you know if a pedigree is autosomal?

Answer 32

Affects males and females equally

Question 33

How do you know if a pedigree is sex linked (X chromosome)?

Answer 33

Affects males more than females

Question 34

How do females get the trait?

Answer 34

From an affected father or carrier/affected mother

Question 35

How do males get a trait?

Answer 35

Get it from their mother and give it to their daughters to “carry”

Question 36

Clues for recessive autosomal inheritance

Answer 36

-individual expressing trait has 2 normal parents
-two affected parents can not have an unaffected child

Question 37

Clues for dominant autosomal inheritance

Answer 37

-every affected person has at least one affected parent
-each generation will have affected individuals

Question 38

Clues for recessive sex-linked inheritance

Answer 38

-no father to son transmission
-predominantly males affected
-trait may skip generations