unit 8 vocab

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

syndrome (collection of symptoms) marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Question 2

Medical model

Answer 2

the concept that
diseases, in this case psychological
disorders, have physical causes that
can be DIAGNOSED, TREATED, and,
in most cases, CURED, often through
treatment in a HOSPITAL.

Question 3

Epigenetics

Answer 3

study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change…shows how our DNA and environment interact.

Question 4

DSM-5

Answer 4

widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Question 5

ADHD

Answer 5

psychological disorder
marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 6

Anxiety disorders

Answer 6

characterized by distressing,
persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors (like drug use) that reduce anxiety

Question 7

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 7

intense fear and avoidance of
social situations (formerly called social phobia

Question 8

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 8

a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 9

Panic disorder

Answer 9

marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience
terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations, often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Question 10

Phobia

Answer 10

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 11

OCD

Answer 11

disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

Question 12

PTSD

Answer 12

characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hyper-vigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety,
numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 13

Major depressive disorder

Answer 13

a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, 2 or more weeks with 5 or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure

Question 14

Bipolar disorder

Answer 14

a person alternates between the
hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the
overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic-
depressive disorder)

Question 15

Mania

Answer 15

hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which
dangerously poor judgment is common

Question 16

Rumination

Answer 16

compulsive fretting (overthinking) over problems and causes

Question 17

Schizophrenia

Answer 17

a disorder characterized by delusions,
hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

Question 18

Psychotic disorders

Answer 18

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Question 19

Hallucination

Answer 19

false sensory experiences, such
as seeing something in the absence of an external
visual stimulus

Question 20

Delusion

Answer 20

false beliefs, often of persecution or
grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 21

Chronic schizophrenia

Answer 21

symptoms usually appear by
late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

Question 22

Acute schizophrenia

Answer 22

can begin at any age; frequently occurs as a response to a traumatic event

Question 23

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 23

symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Question 24

Conversion disorder

Answer 24

elated to somatic symptom disorder
in which a person experiences very specific, physical symptoms (related to anxiety) that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

Question 25

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 25

elated to somatic symptom disorder in
which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly
called hypochondria)

Question 26

dissociative disorders

Answer 26

controversial, rare disorders in
which conscious awareness becomes separated
(dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 27

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 27

rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating
personalities

Question 28

personality disorders

Answer 28

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 29

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 29

a person, usually a man, exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless

Question 30

anorexia nervosa

Answer 30

a person, usually an adolescent female, maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes is accompanied by excessive exercise

Question 31

bulimia nervosa

Answer 31

a person’s binge eating (usually of high calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate
weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 32

binge-eating disorder

Answer 32

significant binge eating episodes,
followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 33

agoraphobia

Answer 33

fear or avoidance of
situations, such as crowds or wide-open places, where one has
felt loss of control and panic