Unit I Lec 6-7 Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
disorder of vertebral column characterized by curves out of the frontal and transverse planes
A
scoliosis
2
Q
gross anatomy of the vertebral column from superior to inferior
A
thoracic, cervical, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
3
Q
Describe line of gravity through the vertebral column
A
from lateral view, center of cervical spine, posterior to thoracic spine, middle of lumbar spine
4
Q
Center of gravity of the vertebral column
A
sacral promontory
5
Q
Location of the sacral promontory
A
base of sacrum
6
Q
Infants are born with what type of curve
A
primary curve
7
Q
Shape of primary curve in infants
A
anteriorly concave
8
Q
Secondary curve that develops in infants
A
cervical curve, 3-4 mos
9
Q
Tertiary curve that develops in infants
A
lumbar curve, 10-12 mos
10
Q
Average length of vertebral column
A
72-75cm
11
Q
Shape of cervical curve
A
anteriorly convex
12
Q
Share of thoracic curve
A
anteriorly concave
13
Q
Shape of lumbar curve
A
anteriorly convex
14
Q
Shape of sacral curve
A
anteriorly concave
15
Q
Two primary curves
A
thoracic and sacral
16
Q
Two secondary curves
A
cervical and lumbar
17
Q
Total number of vertebrae
A
33
18
Q
Number of cervical vertebrae
A
7
19
Q
Number of thoracic vertebrae
A
12
20
Q
Number of lumbar vertebrae
A
5
21
Q
Number of sacral vertebrae (fused)
A
5
22
Q
Number of coccygeal vertebrae (fused)
A
4
23
Q
Term for sacral vertebrae
A
sacrum
24
Q
Term for coccygeal vertebrae
A
coccyx
25
Term for separation of sacral vertebrae, becomes L6
Lumbarization
26
Two main regions of a vertebra, anterior to posterior
body, neural arch
27
Features on right and left of neural arch, just off the body
pedicle
28
Features on the right and left of neural arch that closes in the vertebral canal
lamina
29
Bony protuberance in the posterior of the neural arch
spinous process
30
Bony protuberances on right and left of neural arch
transverse processes
31
Neural arches are joined by what type of joints
synovial joints
32
Neural arches can be what type of synovial jounts
plane joints
33
What bony structures create the joints between vertebrae
right and left, superior and inferior articular process with articular facet (4 processes nad facets per vertebra)
34
Articular cartilage is what type of cartilage
hyaline cartilage
35
Name of cartilage between the articular processes and facets
articular cartilage
36
Name of small piece of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes, easily injured
pars interarticularis
37
Name for fracture of pars interarticularis
spondylolysis
38
Term for slipage of pars interarticularis that accompanies spondylolysis
spondylolisthesis
39
Forward to the superior articular process is a divot called the
superior articular notch
40
Forward to the interfior articular process is a divot called the
inferior articular notch
41
The opening made by the articular notches is called
intervertebral foramen
42
What exits the intervertebral foramina
spinal nerve roots
43
Name of joint between inferior and superior facet
facet joint
44
Disk of cartilage between the body of vertebrae
intervertebral disk (IVD)
45
C7 vertebra is characterized by
large spinous process, not bifid
46
Cercical certebrae C3-C7 are characterized by
larger vertebral canal
47
C3-C6 are characterized by what shape spinous process
bifid spinous processes (split in two)
48
C3-C6 are characterized by what other openings
transverse foramina (left and right)
49
Transverse foramen enclose what
vertebral artery
50
Another process found only in cervical vertebrae, provides additional stability
uncinate process
51
Facet joints are at what approximate angle
45 deg
52
Body of thoracic vertebrae is _____ than cervical
larger
53
Names of thoracic vertebrae
T1-T12
54
Names of cervical vertebrae
C1-C7
55
Names of lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
56
Angle of facets in thoracic vertebrae
60 deg
57
Name of facets on thoracic vertebrae
superior and inferior costal facets
58
Ribs attaching to inferior costal facets are named after ______ vertebra
lower
59
Lumbar vertebrae are characterized by what size body and vertebral canal
larger
60
Lumbar vertebrae are useful for what teo movements
flexion and extension of spine
61
What shape is the spinous process in lumbar vertebrae
shorter and thicker
62
What exits our of sacral foramina
nerves innervating lower body
63
Name of tube through sacrum
sacral canal
64
Names of three processes on posterior of sacrum
medial and lateral ridges
65
Bony features where sacrum articulates with coccyx
sacral cornu
66
Termination of sacral canal
sacral hiatus
67
Bony feature of coccyx that articulates with sacral horns
coccygeal horns
68
Bony features on both lateral sides of coccyx
transverse processes
69
Total number of fused segments in coccyx
4 fused segments
70
Name of joint between sacrum and coccyx
sacrococcygeal joint
71
Location of ligaments in sacrococcygeal joint
poster and 2 lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments
72
Term for delivering anesthesia to number caudal nerve roots
caudal block
73
Are vertebral joints cartilagenous?
Yes
74
What is a pivot joint in the vertebral column
atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2)
75
What is a condyloid joint in the vertebral column
atlanto occipital joint (C1-skull)
76
IVD is located in what joint
intervertebral joint
77
Name of out rings of the intervertebral joint
annulus fibrosis
78
Name of inner "jelly" of intervertebral joint
nucleas pulposus
79
Herniated disk is characterized by
nucleas pulposus being ejected from intervertebral joint
80
What ligament lies on the posterior of the vertebra body
posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
81
What ligament lies on the anterior of the vertebra body
anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
82
Describe thickness/thinness of PLL from cervical to lumber
thick to thin
83
Describe thickness/thinness of ALL from cervical to lumber
thin to thick
84
Term for bluging nucleas pulposus
herniated nucleas pulposus
85
Ligament that covers the tips of the spinous process and attaches to ligamentum nuchae, from C7 and below
supraspinous ligament
86
Ligament that provides stabilization and muscle attachment from C7 up
ligamentum nuchae
87
What movement tenses the vertebral ligaments of the neural arch
flexion
88
Segmental ligaments between spinous processes
interspinous ligaments
89
Ligaments between transverse processes
intertransverse ligaments
90
Ligaments between laminae
Ligamentum flavum
