Unit I Lec 8-9

Question 1

Special joint in vertebral column in which condyles rock back and forth for flexion and extension

Answer 1

atlanto-occipital joint (skull and C1)

Question 2

Special joint in vertebral column that uses the Dens as a pivot point for right nad left rotation

Answer 2

atlanto-axial joint (C1 and C2)

Question 3

What type of synovial joint is the atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 3

hinge joint (sometimes described as condyloid joint)

Question 4

Tooth like structure on the axis vertebra

Answer 4

Dens

Question 5

Term for hole in base of skull

Answer 5

foramen magnum

Question 6

Features on C1 where condyles on skull fit

Answer 6

superior facets (Facet complexes)

Question 7

Features on skull that allow skull to fit onto C1

Answer 7

condyles

Question 8

Only movements allowed by atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 8

flexion and extension (~70% head mvmt)

Question 9

Atlas C1 vertebra is missing what major feature

Answer 9

body

Question 10

Another name for Dens

Answer 10

odontoid process

Question 11

Two main structural features of the C1

Answer 11

Anterior/posterior arch of atlas

Question 12

Two main terrain features of atlas

Answer 12

Anterior/posterior tubercles

Question 13

Shape of spinous process on C2

Answer 13

bifid spinous process

Question 14

Interesting prominent terrain feature on axis

Answer 14

Dens (odontoid process)

Question 15

Main ligament that holds the dens in the dens notch on C1

Answer 15

transverse ligament of the dens

Question 16

Ligaments that come off the side of the dens and attach just to the side of the foramen magnum, help to stabilize dens

Answer 16

alar ligaments

Question 17

Ligament with vertical and horizintal portions to stabilize dens, encompases transverse ligament

Answer 17

cruciform ligament

Question 18

Ligament that originates just inside foramen magnum in skull and becomes PLL on vertebral column

Answer 18

tectoral membrane

Question 19

Abnormal curvature - hunch back

Answer 19

kyphosis

Question 20

Abnormal curvature - increased lumbar curvature

Answer 20

lordosis

Question 21

Abnormal curvature - lateral curvature

Answer 21

scoliosis

Question 22

A congenital disease that causes kyphosis in which thoracic vertebral bodies are wedge shaped

Answer 22

kyphosis

Question 23

Another disease that causes kyphosis

Answer 23

meilleurs TB

Question 24

Way to tell if a patient has scoliosis

Answer 24

patient bends over, observe spinal deviation and rib hump

Question 25

Another way to detect scoliosis from legs

Answer 25

Measure lower limbs and observe apparent length discrepancy

Question 26

Two large superficial muscles of the back

Answer 26

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

Question 27

Muscle that is three muscles in one, upper portion near head origin superior nuchal line, middle attaching at scapula, lower attaching at spine of scapula

Answer 27

trapezius

Question 28

Fixed part of muscle

Answer 28

origin

Question 29

moveable part of muscle

Answer 29

insertion

Question 30

Insertion always moves toward

Answer 30

origin

Question 31

Origin and insertion of upper trap

Answer 31

skull, shoulder

Question 32

Actions of upper trapezius

Answer 32

elevate shoulder, extend head and neck

Question 33

Origins and insertions are relative to

Answer 33

movements being performed

Question 34

Action of middle trapezius

Answer 34

retract scapula

Question 35

Origin and insertion of middle trap

Answer 35

spine, scapula

Question 36

Origin and insertion of lower trap

Answer 36

lower thoracic spine, spine of scapula

Question 37

Action of lower trap

Answer 37

depress shoulder

Question 38

Origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi

Answer 38

lower back, humerus

Question 39

Actions of latissimus dorsi

Answer 39

adduction humerus, extension humerus, internal rotation of humerus

Question 40

Origin and insertion of levator scapulae

Answer 40

cervical vertebra, scapula

Question 41

Action of levator scapula

Answer 41

elevates scapula

Question 42

Origin and insertion of rhomboid major and minor

Answer 42

cervical vertebra, scapula

Question 43

Actions of rhomboids

Answer 43

scapular retraction, shoulder depression

Question 44

Origin and insertion of serratus posterior superior

Answer 44

lower cervical vertebra, upper ribs

Question 45

Action of serratus posterior superior

Answer 45

elevation of ribs, breathing

Question 46

What innervates trapezius

Answer 46

CN XI

Question 47

Name for CN XI

Answer 47

spinal accessory nerve

Question 48

Innervation for latissimus dorsi

Answer 48

thoracodorsal nerve (runs on back of thorax)

Question 49

Innervation of levator scapulae and rhomboids

Answer 49

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 50

Innervation of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 50

spinal accessory nerve

Question 51

Location of dorsal accessory nerve

Answer 51

medial to medial border of scapula

Question 52

Location of thoracodorsal nerve

Answer 52

runs underneath armpit

Question 53

Three functions of imtermediate and deep back muscles

Answer 53

extend, rotate, stabilize vertebrae

Question 54

Type of innervation of intermediate and deep back muscles

Answer 54

segmental

Question 55

Intermediate and deep back muscles innervation

Answer 55

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Question 56

Location of spinal nerve splits for back mx

Answer 56

ventral ramus, dorsal ramus

Question 57

Dorsal ramus splits into

Answer 57

medial branch, lateral branch

Question 58

Medial branch of dorsal ramus controls what in back mx

Answer 58

sensory

Question 59

Lateral branch of dorsal ramus controls what in back mx

Answer 59

motor

Question 60

Action of erector spinae

Answer 60

erects spine

Question 61

Most lateral group of erector spinae mx

Answer 61

iliocostalis

Question 62

intermediate group of erector spinae mx

Answer 62

longissimus

Question 63

Most medial group of erector spinae mx

Answer 63

spinalis

Question 64

Three groups of iliocostalis mx

Answer 64

cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

Question 65

Three groups of longissimus thoracis

Answer 65

Capitis, cervicis, thoracis

Question 66

Three groups of spinalis

Answer 66

capitis, thoracis, cervicis

Question 67

Transversospinalis group origin and insertion

Answer 67

origin transverse process, insertion spinous process

Question 68

Mx in transversospinalis group, superficial to deep

Answer 68

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Question 69

Three locations of semispinalis (crosses 2-4 segments)

Answer 69

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

Question 70

Four locations of multifidus groups (cross 2-4 vertical segments)

Answer 70

sacralis, lumborum, thorscis, cervicis

Question 71

Four locations of rotatores (cross 1-2 segments)

Answer 71

sacralis, lumborum, thorscis, cervicis

Question 72

White coloration of semispinalis indicates

Answer 72

tendonous

Question 73

Mx running diagonally from one vertebra to another

Answer 73

rotatores

Question 74

Minor deep back mx

Answer 74

intertransversarii, interspinales

Question 75

intertransversarii, interspinales run where

Answer 75

between transverse processes, bet spinous processes

Question 76

Minor back mx in lumbar spine

Answer 76

multifidus

Question 77

Mx that elevates ribs for breathing (only in thoracic region)

Answer 77

levatores costarum

Question 78

Two minor deep back muscles best developed in cervical region

Answer 78

intertransversarii, interspinales

Question 79

Minor deep back mx on transverse process for ribs in thoracic region only

Answer 79

levatores costarum

Question 80

Two neck mx deep to upper traps running diagonally going to head and neck

Answer 80

splenius capitis, splenius cervicis

Question 81

name of mx Deep to splenius group mx

Answer 81

semispinalis capitis

Question 82

Two other minor deep back ms

Answer 82

serratus posterior superior and inferior

Question 83

Origin of semispinalis cervicis

Answer 83

spinous process of C2

Question 84

Deep to semispinalis capitis, there is

Answer 84

suboccipital triangle

Question 85

Action of suboccipital trialgle

Answer 85

stabilization of neck, some rotation

Question 86

Four mx in suboccipital triangle

Answer 86

rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, superior obliquus capitis, inferior obliquus capitis

Question 87

Innervation of suboccipital triangle

Answer 87

From dorsal primary ramus of C1, suboccipital nerve

Question 88

Nerve that crosses occipital triangle, controls sensation to back of head

Answer 88

Greater occipital nerve, DPR C2

Question 89

Bony feature of C1

Answer 89

dorsal bony arch

Question 90

Artery that makes right turn, runs over the dorsal bony arch, after passing throgh transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae

Answer 90

vertebral artery

Question 91

Spinal cord begins and ends where

Answer 91

foramen magnum, L1-L2

Question 92

Segmentation of spinal cord is determined by

Answer 92

roots

Question 93

Spinal roots exits where (posterior/anterior)

Answer 93

dorsal and ventral

Question 94

Roots of spinal nerves merge to form

Answer 94

pairs of spinal nerves

Question 95

Dorsal roots (incoming) are what type of nerve

Answer 95

sensory

Question 96

Ventral roots (outgoing) are what type of nerve

Answer 96

motor

Question 97

Swelling on dorsal root

Answer 97

dorsal root ganglia

Question 98

Location of nerve cell bodies at posterior nerves

Answer 98

dorsal root ganglia