Unit three cells

Question 1

What are cells

Answer 1

Cells are the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life.

Question 2

Robert Hooke

Answer 2

Discovered cells and referred to them as tiny, empty chambers

Question 3

Aton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 3

made many simple microscopes more powerful than Hooke’s

Question 4

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 4

a botanist who discovered that all plants are composed of cells

Question 5

Theodore Schwann

Answer 5

a zoologist who discovered that all animals are made of cells

Question 6

Rudolph Virchow

Answer 6

noted that all cells come from preexisting ones

Question 7

Cell theory

Answer 7

All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
New cells are produced from preexisting cells

Question 8

Heterotrophs

Answer 8

Obtain energy from their surroundings

Question 9

Autotrophs

Answer 9

Make their own food

Question 10

All living organisms

Answer 10

Preform chemical changes
Evolve
Have to reproduce
Maintain a stable internal temperature through homeostasis

Question 11

Cell size is limited by

Answer 11

Its surface to volume ratio

Question 12

Cell membrane

Answer 12

Responsible for the movement of materials into and out of a cell

Question 13

parts of a cell

Answer 13

Cytoplasm, nucleus, chromatin, chromosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosome

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Contains chromosomes, the nucleolus, nuclear pores, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes

Question 15

Cell membrane

Answer 15

Separates the internal chemical reactions of the cell from the external environment and regulates the passage of materials

Question 16

Nucleoplasm

Answer 16

Holds the contents of the nucleus

Question 17

Nuclear membrane

Answer 17

Filled with pores that allow RNA through

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

This is DNA before it splits

Question 19

Chromosomes

Answer 19

DNA after it splits

Question 20

What does the nucleus do

Answer 20

Carries genetic information, controls reproduction, directs protein synthesis, and controls all the activities of the cell

Question 21

Ribosomes

Answer 21

The site of protein synthesis

Question 22

The ER

Answer 22

provides a path for molecules

Question 23

The rough ER

Answer 23

Is covered with ribosomes and is involved with making proteins

Question 24

Golgi apparatus

Answer 24

Modifies, sorts, and packs, proteins that arrived from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

Break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to recycle them for further use

Question 26

Peroxisomes

Answer 26

Break down alcohols and kill bacteria producing hydrogen peroxide which is converted into water and oxygen

Question 27

Vacuoles

Answer 27

Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 28

Mitocondria

Answer 28

Used for cellular respiration and produce their own DNA

Question 29

Cytoskeleton

Answer 29

Network of proteins, fibers, and tubes that helps a cell maintain its shape

Question 30

Microfilimants

Answer 30

Gives support to a cell and is made of a solid, thread, protein structure

Question 31

Microtubules

Answer 31

Maintain cell shape, aid the separation of chromosomes during cell division, form cillia and flagella

Question 32

Centrioles

Answer 32

Two short cylinders at right angle to one another found near the nuclear membrane that help separate chromosomes

Question 33

Plant cell

Answer 33

Cell membrane, cell wall, cell wall of neighboring cell, nucleus, nucleolus, smooth er, rough er, ribosomes, cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria, central vacuole, peroxisome, Golgi apparatus

Question 34

Cell wall