Unit three cells Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

What are cells

A

Cells are the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life.

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2
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Discovered cells and referred to them as tiny, empty chambers

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3
Q

Aton van Leeuwenhoek

A

made many simple microscopes more powerful than Hooke’s

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4
Q

Matthias Schleiden

A

a botanist who discovered that all plants are composed of cells

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5
Q

Theodore Schwann

A

a zoologist who discovered that all animals are made of cells

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6
Q

Rudolph Virchow

A

noted that all cells come from preexisting ones

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7
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
New cells are produced from preexisting cells

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8
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Obtain energy from their surroundings

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9
Q

Autotrophs

A

Make their own food

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10
Q

All living organisms

A

Preform chemical changes
Evolve
Have to reproduce
Maintain a stable internal temperature through homeostasis

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11
Q

Cell size is limited by

A

Its surface to volume ratio

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12
Q

Cell membrane

A

Responsible for the movement of materials into and out of a cell

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13
Q

parts of a cell

A

Cytoplasm, nucleus, chromatin, chromosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosome

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14
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains chromosomes, the nucleolus, nuclear pores, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes

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15
Q

Cell membrane

A

Separates the internal chemical reactions of the cell from the external environment and regulates the passage of materials

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16
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Holds the contents of the nucleus

17
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Filled with pores that allow RNA through

18
Q

Chromatin

A

This is DNA before it splits

19
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA after it splits

20
Q

What does the nucleus do

A

Carries genetic information, controls reproduction, directs protein synthesis, and controls all the activities of the cell

21
Q

Ribosomes

A

The site of protein synthesis

22
Q

The ER

A

provides a path for molecules

23
Q

The rough ER

A

Is covered with ribosomes and is involved with making proteins

24
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies, sorts, and packs, proteins that arrived from the endoplasmic reticulum

25
Lysosomes
Break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids to recycle them for further use
26
Peroxisomes
Break down alcohols and kill bacteria producing hydrogen peroxide which is converted into water and oxygen
27
Vacuoles
Stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
28
Mitocondria
Used for cellular respiration and produce their own DNA
29
Cytoskeleton
Network of proteins, fibers, and tubes that helps a cell maintain its shape
30
Microfilimants
Gives support to a cell and is made of a solid, thread, protein structure
31
Microtubules
Maintain cell shape, aid the separation of chromosomes during cell division, form cillia and flagella
32
Centrioles
Two short cylinders at right angle to one another found near the nuclear membrane that help separate chromosomes
33
Plant cell
Cell membrane, cell wall, cell wall of neighboring cell, nucleus, nucleolus, smooth er, rough er, ribosomes, cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria, central vacuole, peroxisome, Golgi apparatus
34
Cell wall