Unit three cells Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are cells
Cells are the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life.
Robert Hooke
Discovered cells and referred to them as tiny, empty chambers
Aton van Leeuwenhoek
made many simple microscopes more powerful than Hooke’s
Matthias Schleiden
a botanist who discovered that all plants are composed of cells
Theodore Schwann
a zoologist who discovered that all animals are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow
noted that all cells come from preexisting ones
Cell theory
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
New cells are produced from preexisting cells
Heterotrophs
Obtain energy from their surroundings
Autotrophs
Make their own food
All living organisms
Preform chemical changes
Evolve
Have to reproduce
Maintain a stable internal temperature through homeostasis
Cell size is limited by
Its surface to volume ratio
Cell membrane
Responsible for the movement of materials into and out of a cell
parts of a cell
Cytoplasm, nucleus, chromatin, chromosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosome
Nucleus
Contains chromosomes, the nucleolus, nuclear pores, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes
Cell membrane
Separates the internal chemical reactions of the cell from the external environment and regulates the passage of materials
Nucleoplasm
Holds the contents of the nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Filled with pores that allow RNA through
Chromatin
This is DNA before it splits
Chromosomes
DNA after it splits
What does the nucleus do
Carries genetic information, controls reproduction, directs protein synthesis, and controls all the activities of the cell
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis
The ER
provides a path for molecules
The rough ER
Is covered with ribosomes and is involved with making proteins
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packs, proteins that arrived from the endoplasmic reticulum