Vocab for chapter 11

Question 1

DNA polymerase

Answer 1

enzymes that speeds up the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates

Question 2

Okazaki Fragment

Answer 2

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides which are synthesized in small segments in the 3’ to 5’ direction

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Ribonucleic acid which guides protein synthesis

Question 4

tRNA

Answer 4

Transports amino acids to the ribosome

Question 5

Transcription

Answer 5

Process by which mRNA is synthesized

Question 6

mRNA

Answer 6

Carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis

Question 7

rRNA

Answer 7

Associates with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 8

RNA polymerase

Answer 8

Enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis

Question 9

Intron

Answer 9

The intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA

Question 10

Exon

Answer 10

The coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA

Question 11

Codon

Answer 11

Three base code in DNA or RNA

Question 12

Anticodon

Answer 12

“a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.”

Question 13

Gene regulation

Answer 13

Ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment

Question 14

Operon

Answer 14

Section of DNA containing genes for proteins required for a specific metabolic pathway

Question 15

Mutagen

Answer 15

Substance such as a chemical, that causes mutations