Upper extremities and shoulder

Question 1

Name the 8 bones of the upper extremity and the shoulder girdle

Answer 1

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 2

What is the shoulder region made up of?

Answer 2

Scapula
Clavicle
Proximal parts of the upper half of the humerus

Question 3

Describe the features of the clavicle

Answer 3

Positioned just above the rib cage.
Floating bone.
Connected to the sternum via the sternal facet and via the acromial end to the acromion of the scapula.
Deltoid tubercle: indicates where the deltoid muscles attaches to.

Question 4

Describe features of the humerus, ulna and radius

Answer 4

Synovial joint
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
In the humerus there is a groove for the ulnar nerve.
The ulna contains the olecranon which attaches itself within the olecranon fossa.

Question 5

Describe the connections and movements of the radius

Answer 5

The radius connects the humerus with a flat head.
It allows the arm to rotate when it changes from pronation to supination.

Question 6

Describe the connections and movements of the ulna

Answer 6

The ulna connects the humerus via the olecranon.
To bend the arm the ulna moves across the humerus.

Question 7

What are the names of the tubercles found within the humerus?

Answer 7

Greater tubercule
Lesser tubercle

Question 8

What does it mean for the greater and lesser tubercle to be located close to each other?

Answer 8

They form little groups called the intertubercular sulcus which plays a large role in keeping the bicep in place.

Question 9

Describe features of the scapula

Answer 9

Acromion: where the clavicle connects.
Coracoid process: hovers over the chest cavity

Question 10

Explain the position of the radius and ulna in the pronate position

Answer 10

Radius and ulna twist round each other. The radius moves over the ulna.

Question 11

Name the three bones in the hand

Answer 11

Carpals
Metacarpal bones
Phalanges

Question 12

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

Answer 12

2
(proximal and distal)

Question 13

How many phalanges do the fingers have?

Answer 13

3
(proximal, middle and distal)

Question 14

Name the 7 muscles in the shoulder girdle

Answer 14

Levator scapulae
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major/minor
Teres major
Deltoid

Question 15

Describe the levator scapulae

Answer 15

Attaches itself to C1, C2, and the transverse process, C3, and the upper ridge of the scapula.
By contracting it is able to lift up the scapula.

Question 16

Describe the rhomboid minor/major

Answer 16

Attach to the medial edge of the scapula.
When these contracts it pulls the scapula inwards, pulls the shoulder back and opens up the chest.

Question 17

Describe the deltoid

Answer 17

Attached off the scapulae.
Made of three parts (which all attach at the deltoid tuberculosis); clavicle, acromial and spinal.

Question 18

Describe the teres major

Answer 18

Involved in pulling motions.
Attached to the scapula and humerus.
Wraps around the back of the scapula.
Involved in abduction. It attaches closer to the inferior angle.

Question 19

Name the two parts of the trapezius

Answer 19

Ascending transverse part
Descending part

Question 20

Describe the pectoralis major

Answer 20

Three parts (clavicle head, sternocostal head and abdominal part) which all merge together and attach to the tubercle of the humerus.
Involved in moving our shoulders and any pressing motion.

Question 21

Describe the pectoralis minor

Answer 21

Attachment point is on the coracoid process of the scapula and then attaches itself on the 2nd, 3rd, 4/5th rib.
Plays a role in pressing motions.

Question 22

Describe the serratus anterior

Answer 22

Inserts itself on the first 9 ribs
Involved in pulling motions

Question 23

What is the role of the rotator cuff?

Answer 23

Shoulder mobility

Question 24

Describe the teres minor

Answer 24

Attaches itself on the lateral border of the scapula and close to the greater tuberculin on the humerus.

Question 25

Describe the supraspinatus

Answer 25

Above the spine Works partly in conjunction with the deltoid where we can abduct our arm.

Question 26

Describe the subscapularis

Answer 26

Covers the entire inside of the shoulder blade. Lies in between the shoulder blade and the back of the thorax. Inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

Question 27

Describe the infraspinatus

Answer 27

Found below the spine. Involved in rotating your arm outwards and pulling the arm backwards

Question 28

Name the proximal arm muscles that work in synergy to flex the elbow

Answer 28

Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Cora brachialis

Question 29

Describe the biceps brachii

Answer 29

Contains two muscles. Both the head and short head attach to the acromion. Long head also attaches to the coracoid process.

Question 30

Describe the brachialis

Answer 30

Cups the bicep. Attaches to the deltoid tubercles and extends onto the ulna. When it contracts it creates flexion in the arm.

Question 31

Describe the brachioradialis

Answer 31

Attaches much further down the forearm

Question 32

Describe the coracobrachialis

Answer 32

Attaches itself to the acromion and medial side of the humerus

Question 33

Name the proximal arm muscles that work in synergy to extend the arm

Answer 33

Triceps brachii

Question 34

Describe the triceps brachii

Answer 34

Contains three different heads (lateral, long and medial) The lateral and medial head attach to the humerus. The long head attaches itself to the posterior side of the clavicle. Is involved in extension of the elbow as well as moving the arm backwards.

Question 35

Name the distal arm muscles related to flexion of the fingers and describe the movements they produce.

Answer 35

Pronator teres: pronation of the hand Flexor carpi radialis: bending the hand forward (flexion) Palmaris longus: makes a fist position with the hand. Flexor carpi ulnaris: sideways movement and moving the hand towards the ulna Flexor digitorum superficialis: makes a fist position with the hand Flexor digitorum profundus: flexion of the fingertips Flexor policis longus: flexion of the thumb Pronator quadratus: pronation of the hand

Question 36

Name the superficial arm muscles and describe the movements that they are involved in

Answer 36

Brachioradialis: flexion of the elbow Extensor digitorium: extension of the fingertips Extensor digit minimi: extension of the pinky finger Extensor carpi radialis longus: extension of the wrist Extensor carpi radialis brevis: extension of the wrist Extensor carpi ulanris: extension of the wrist

Question 37

Name the distal arm muscles and describe the movements they are involved in

Answer 37

Supinator Abductor pollicis longus: abduction of the thumb Extensor pollicis brevis: motion in a lot of different planes Extensor pollicis longus: motion in a lot of different planes Extensor indicis: extension of the index finger