Upper Quarter 1

Question 0

What is the classification of the humeroulner and humeroradial joints

Answer 0

Diarthrodial uniaxial hinge joint

Question 1

What are the joints of the elbow and forearm?

Answer 1

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar
Distal radioulnar

Question 2

What are the osseous structures of the humerus?

Answer 2

Supracondylar ridge
Epicondyles
Olecranon fossa
Trochlea
Trochlear groove
Capitulum

Question 3

What are the osseous structures of the ulna?

Answer 3

Olecranon process
Trochlear notch
Trochlear ridge
Coronoid process

Question 4

What are the ligamentous structures of the elbow joint?

Answer 4

Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

Lateral (radial) collateral ligament

Question 5

What does the medial collateral ligament of the elbow do?

Answer 5

Resists valgus stress

Question 6

What does the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow do?

Answer 6

Resists varus stress

Question 7

What are the three prime flexors of the elbow?

Answer 7

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

Question 8

What are the two prime extensors of the elbow?

Answer 8

Triceps

Anconeus

Question 9

What are the motions of the humeroradial and humeroulnar joint?

Answer 9

Flexion
Extension
In Sagittal plane and coronal or M/L axis

Question 10

Does active or passive ROM allow for more movement?

Answer 10

Passive, due to the bulk of the muscle not contracting.

Question 11

Which position of the hand allows for greater flexion: supination, pronation, neutral?

Answer 11

Supination

Question 12

For elbow flexion and extension, is it concave on convex or convex on concave?

Answer 12

Concave on convex

Question 13

How do you classify the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

Answer 13

Diarthrodial uniaxial pivot joints

Question 14

What are the osseous structures of the radius?

Answer 14

Radial head

Ulnar notch

Question 15

What are the osseous structures of the ulna

Answer 15

Radial notch

Ulnar head

Question 16

What are the ligamentous structures of the forearm?

Answer 16

Annular ligament
Quadrate ligament
Interosseous membrane
Oblique cord

Question 17

What does the annular ligament do?

Answer 17

Maintains radial head in radial notch

Question 18

What does the quadrate ligament do?

Answer 18

Maintains radial head in radial notch

Limits spin of radial head in supination/pronation

Question 19

What does the interosseous membrane do?

Answer 19

Provides stability for the ulnar joints
Taut in pronation, loose in supination
Transmits forces from distal radius to the ulna and up the chain when compressive forces are applied

Question 20

What does the oblique cord do?

Answer 20

Prevents separation of the radius and ulna when distractive forces are applies

Question 21

What are the prime supinators of the forearm?

Answer 21

Biceps Brachii

Supinator

Question 22

What are the prime pronators of the forearm?

Answer 22

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

Question 23

What are the motions of the forearm?

Answer 23

Supination
Pronation
In the transverse plane and vertical axis

Question 24

How is ROM of the forearm tested?

Answer 24

With the elbow at 90 degrees

Question 25

What is the range of active flexion of the elbow

Answer 25

135-140

Question 26

What is the range of passive flexion of the elbow?

Answer 26

150-160 degrees

Question 27

What is the average total range of motion of the radioulnar joint?

Answer 27

150-180 degrees

Question 28

What is the average ROM of supination?

Answer 28

80-90 degrees

Question 29

What is the average ROM of pronation?

Answer 29

70-80 degrees

Question 30

What limits pronation of the forearm?

Answer 30

Bony approximation of radius on ulna Tension of post. Radioulnar ligament Passive insufficiency of biceps Quadrate ligament limits spin

Question 31

What limits supination of the forearm?

Answer 31

Tension of ant. Radioulnar ligament Oblique cord tension Quadrate ligament tension

Question 32

For supination and pronation, are the distal and proximal joints convex on concave or concave on convex?

Answer 32

Proximal- convex on concave | Distal- concave on convex

Question 33

What are the joints of the wrist?

Answer 33

Radiocarpal joint | Midcarpal joint

Question 34

What are the carpal bones?

Answer 34

``` Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate ```

Question 35

What are the ligamentous structures of the wrist?

Answer 35

Medial carpal ligament Lateral carpal ligament Transverse carpal ligament

Question 36

What is another name for medial carpal ligament?

Answer 36

Ulnar collateral ligament

Question 37

What is another name for the lateral carpal ligament?

Answer 37

Radial collateral ligament

Question 38

What are the pillars of the transverse carpal ligament?

Answer 38

Pisiform Hook of hamate Scaphoid tubercle Tubercle on trapezium

Question 39

What are the prime flexor a of the wrist?

Answer 39

Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis

Question 40

What are the prime extensors of the wrist?

Answer 40

Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 41

What are the prime radial deviators?

Answer 41

Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi radialis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis

Question 42

What are the prime ulnar deviators?

Answer 42

Flexor carpi ulnaris | Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 43

What are the proximal components of the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 43

Radius | Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

Question 44

What are the distal components of the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 44

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum

Question 45

Where are 80% of the compressive forces through the wrist?

Answer 45

The radius articulating with scaphoid and lunate

Question 46

Where are 20% of the compressive forces in the wrist?

Answer 46

TFCC articulating with lunate and triquetrum

Question 47

What is in the medial compartment of the midcarpal joint?

Answer 47

Capitate-hamate articulating with scaphoid-lunate-triquetrum

Question 48

What is in the lateral compartment of the midcarpal joint?

Answer 48

Scaphoid articulating with trapezoid-triquetrum

Question 49

What is the point of the pisiform bone?

Answer 49

Acts as a sesmoid bone to increase the moment arm of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 50

How would you classify the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 50

Biaxial compound ellipsoid joint

Question 51

How do you classify the midcarpal joint?

Answer 51

It can't be defined

Question 52

What are the motions of the wrist?

Answer 52

Flexion/extension In Sagittal plane and coronal axis Radial/ulnar deviation In frontal plane and A/P axis

Question 53

What's the normal ROM of the wrist?

Answer 53

Flexion-80-90 degrees Extension-60-80 degrees Ulnar deviation-30-40 degrees Radial deviation-15-20

Question 54

What are the joints of the hand?

Answer 54

``` Carpometacarpal joint 1-5 Metacarpophalangeal joint 1-5 Proximal interphalangeal joint 2-5 Distal interphalangeal joints 2-5 Interphalangeal joint 1 ```

Question 55

What are the osseous structures of the hand?

Answer 55

Metacarpals Proximal phalanges Distal phalanges Middle phalanges

Question 56

What are the prime flexors of the finger MCP and IP joints?

Answer 56

Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Lumbricals Flexor digiti minimi

Question 57

What are the prime extensors of the finger MCP and IP joint?

Answer 57

Extensor digitorum Extensor indices Extensor digiti minimi

Question 58

How do you cause the extensor digitorum to work less?

Answer 58

Close fingers into a fist

Question 59

What are the prime abductors of the fingers?

Answer 59

Dorsal interossei | Abductor digiti minimi

Question 60

What is the prime adductor of the fingers?

Answer 60

Palmar interossei

Question 61

What are the prime flexors of the thumb?

Answer 61

Flexor pollicis longus Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis

Question 62

What are the prime extensors of the thumb?

Answer 62

Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus

Question 63

What are the prime abductors of the thumb?

Answer 63

Abductor pollicis brevis | Abductor pollicis longus

Question 64

What is the prime adductor of the thumb?

Answer 64

Adductor pollicis

Question 65

What are the prime oppositioners of the hand?

Answer 65

Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens digiti minimi