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Module 9 > Upper Resp. Passageways- Nose, Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx > Flashcards

Upper Resp. Passageways- Nose, Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx Flashcards

1
Q

what does the respiratory system consist of (3) and their functions

A
  1. ancillary organs (passageways leading to and from the lungs)
  2. lungs (passageways leading to exchange tissue)
  3. diaphragm (muscle of resp., forms partition between the thorax and abdominal cavities)
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2
Q

what are the functions of the resp system

A
  1. gas exchange
  2. olfaction
  3. vocalization
  4. temp regulation
  5. acid base regulation
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3
Q

what are the nostrils divided by

A

philtrum

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4
Q

what type of skin is the nose

A

glandular, hairless, pigmented and grooved

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5
Q

how is the nose moistened

A

secretions by lacrimal glands (nasolacrimal duct) and lateral nasal glands (dog)

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6
Q

what is the blood supply to the nose

A

sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary artery)

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7
Q

what muscles influence the planum

A

muscles of facial expression

  1. superficial muscle levator nasolabialis
  2. deep muscle levator labii maxillaris
  3. muscle caninus
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8
Q

what is the motor supply to the planum

A

facial nerve

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9
Q

what is the sensory innveratio of the planum

A

infra-orbital nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

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10
Q

where to the nostrils lead to

A

nasal vestibule

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11
Q

what is the nasal vestibule supported by

A

cartilage

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12
Q

what divides the vestibule and the nasal cavity into two separate passageways

A

nasal septum

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13
Q

what are the conformations of the canine skull

A
  1. dolichocephalic
  2. mesaticephalic
  3. brachyecephalic
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14
Q

what are the lateral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity

A
  1. lacrimal
  2. incisive
  3. maxilla
  4. zygomatic
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15
Q

what are the ventral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity is

A

hard palate, maxilla

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16
Q

what are the rostral bony boundaries of the nasal cavity is

A

incisive, maxilla, palatine

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17
Q

what are the dorsal boundaries of the nasal cavity

A

nasal, frontal

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18
Q

what are the caudal bony boundaries of the nasal cavity

A

cribiform plate of ethmoidal bone

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19
Q

What are the mucosal folds in the nasal vestibule

A
  1. alar fold (largest)
  2. dorsal
  3. basal folds
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20
Q

what do the nasal conchae (turbinates) fill

A

fill each nasal cavity

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21
Q

what is the function of the nasal conchae

A

air conditioning

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22
Q

what is the caudal region of each nasal cavity

A

olfactory region

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23
Q

what are these structures

A

1 = nostrils and nasal vestibule

2 = nasal cavity (conchae/turbinate bones)

3 = ethmoidal conchae (olfactory region)

4 = frontal sinus

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24
Q

what are these structures

A
25
Q

what are the nasal conchae (turbinate bones)

A
  1. dorsal and ventral conchae
  2. ethmoidal conchae (and middle concha)
26
Q

what are the features of dorsal and ventral conchae

A

fragile scrolled bony networks covered in very vascular mucosa

27
Q

what are the ethmoidal conchae and middle concha covered in

A

olfactory epithelium

28
Q

name these structures

A
29
Q

what are these structures

A
30
Q

name these structures

A
31
Q

what are these structures

A
  1. dorsal meatus (yellow)
  2. middle meatus (green)
  3. ventral and common meatus (red)
32
Q

where does air flow in the dorsal meatus

A

towards olfactory epithelium

33
Q

where is airflow directed in the middle meatus

A

directed to middle conchae and paranasal sinuses

34
Q

where is airflow directed in the ventral and common meatus

A

onwards to nasopharynx

35
Q

what is the vomeronasal organ

A

associated with ventral nasal meatus on either side of the nasal septum

filled with special olfactory mucosa

detect pheromones

36
Q

what are the incisive ducts

A

incisive papilla links oral cavity to vomeronasal organs

appraisal of small amounts of fluid from oral cavity

37
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled space between the plates of bone which form the boundaries of the nasal cavity (frontal, maxillary, palatine, sphenoidal, lacrimal)

38
Q

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses

A

communicate with the nasal cavity

lined with resp epithelium

39
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses in carnivores

A

frontal

medial

rostral

40
Q

what are the anatomical features of the frontal sinuses (4)

A
  1. several compartments
  2. midline partition
  3. each opens into nasal cavity between ethmoidal conchae
  4. mucosal lining is continuous with nasal cavity
41
Q

what is the maxillary recess

A

not a true sinus

wide opening opposite 4th upper premolar

located in lateral nasal glandular epithelium

42
Q

what are these structures

A
43
Q

what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses (4)

A
  1. lighten head
  2. protect cranium
  3. increase area for muscular attachment without increase in weight of skull
  4. resonance function
44
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the paranasal sinuses

A

infection/aspergillosis in dogs

45
Q

what is the blood supply to the nose and the nasal cavity

A
  1. sphenopalatine artery
  2. ethmoidal artery
  3. major palatine artery

satellite veins

46
Q

what is the nerve supply to the nose and nasal cavity

A
  1. trigeminal nerve (V): sensory to mucosa
  2. olfactory nerve (I): sensory to olfactory mucosa
47
Q

what are the boundaries of the nasopharynx

A
  1. soft palate (ventral)
  2. palatopharyngeal arch (caudal)
  3. base of cranium (dorsal)
  4. position of internal nares choana (rostral)
48
Q

what are these structures

A
49
Q

what are the features of brachycephalic dogs soft palate

A

disproportionately long and rests over the entrance to the larynx causing respiratory difficulties

50
Q

what are the functions and features of the openings of the auditory tubes

A

lead to tympanic bulla or middle ear

lined by respiratory epithelium (infection)

funtion: equalization of pressure

51
Q

what are the features and functions of the pharyngeal tonsil

A

part of retro-pharyngeal lymph centre

lymphatic tissue (immunosurveillance)

loacted between 2 auditory openings

52
Q
A
  1. opening of auditory tubes
  2. pharyngeal tonsil
53
Q

what is the function of common pharynx

A

breathing and swallowing

54
Q

how does the common pharynx function

A

pharngyeal muscles form the wall –> constrict, dilate and shorten

55
Q

where does the esophagus lie relative to the larynx and trachea

A

lies caudal and dorsal to larnyx and trachea

56
Q

what is the larynx supported by

A

the hyoid apparatus

swings larynx rostrally during swallowing –> the position of the aditus (entrance to the larynx) varies depending on species

57
Q

what is the blood supply to the common pharynx (laryngopharynx)

A
58
Q

what is the blood supply of the common pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

cranial laryngeal artery

59
Q

what is the nerve supply to the common pharynx

A
  1. sensory: trigeminal n (V) and glossopharyngeal n (IX)
  2. motor: glossopharyngeal n (IX) and vagus n (X)

Module 9 (43 decks)

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