ANATOMY OF KIDNEY how does urine flow through kidneys

1. minor calyx 2. major calyx 3. renal pelvis 4. ureter

URINARY Flashcards by BF Rivera

what is the main function of urinary system

remove metabolic waste from blood

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what is responsible for generating metabolic waste

body cells

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what is removing metabolic wastes from blood important for

blood homeostasis

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PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of kidney

produce urine

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PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of ureters

transport urine

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PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of urinary bladder

store urine

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PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the function of urethra

secrete urine

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PARTS OF URINARY SYSTEM what is the vasculature of urinary system

renal artery

2. renal vein

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY which kidney is lower

right

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where are kidneys located

back of abdomen behind digestive organs

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what does not surround kidneys

visceral peritoneum (retroperitoneal)

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where are kidneys located in utero

pelvis

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY how does urine flow through kidneys

minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter

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*ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where is cortex located

underneath fibrous capsule

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY where is medulla located

underneath cortex

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*ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what drains into minor calyx

renal papila

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what does renal lobe possess

own vasculature

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what is renal pelvis continuous with

ureters

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of epithelium is calyx

transitional

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of epithelium in renal pelvis

transitional

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of epithelium in ureters

transitional

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what is pathway of blood (13)

renal artery
segmental artery
interlobular artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
afferent arterioles
capillaries
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
interlobular vein
arcuate vein
interlobular vein
renal vein

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what kind of blood enters through renal artery

nutrient rich

2. oxygenated

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ANATOMY OF KIDNEY what are arcuate arteries and veins

vessels that arch over pyramids

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NEPHRON what is nephron

basic functional unit of kidney

NEPHRON what is nephron composed of (main)

1. renal corpuscle | 2. renal tubule

NEPHRON where is renal corpuscle located

cortex

NEPHRON where is proximal convoluted tubule located

cortex

NEPHRON where is distal convoluted tubule located

cortex

NEPHRON where is loop of henle located

medulla

NEPHRON where is collecting duct located

medulla

NEPHRON what are 2 types of nephrons

1. cortical nephron | 2. juxtamedullary nephron

NEPHRON what is the function of cortical nephron

1. reabsorption | 2. secretion

NEPHRON what is the function of juxtamedullary nephron

concentrate urine

NEPHRON what allows for urine to be concentrated

salt gradient

NEPHRON where is salt gradient highest and lowest

towards medulla | towards cortex

NEPHRON what are the parts of nephron (4)

1. renal corpuscle 2. proximal convoluted tubule 3. distal convoluted tubule 4. collecting tubule

NEPHRON what does collecting tubule lead to

collecting ducts

NEPHRON where does blood going into glomerulus come from

afferent arterioles

NEPHRON where does blood leaving glomerulus come from

efferent arterioles

NEPHRON how does size of afferent arteriole compare to size of efferent arteriole

afferent arteriole bigger, efferent arteriole smaller

NEPHRON how does pressure of afferent arteriole compare to pressure of efferent arteriole

afferent arteriole low pressure, efferent arteriole high pressure

NEPHRON what is glomerulus

ball of capillaries

NEPHRON what is bowman's capsule

- cap over renal corpuscle | - parietal layer

NEPHRON what is function of mesangial cells

1. control bp within capillaries to maintain optimal filtration rate 2. phagocytosis 3. repair 4. support

NEPHRON what are podocytes

- feet that form slits around capillaries | - visceral layer

NEPHRON what is bowman's space

- urinary space | - space bw parietal and visceral

NEPHRON what are filtration slits

spaces bw podocytes

NEPHRON what is the function of basal mem

prevent (1) RBC (2) WBC (3) platelets (4) proteins from moving from capillaries to urinary space

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APARATUS (JGA) what do JGA cells secrete

renin

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APARATUS (JGA) what is the function of JGA

1. regulate blood flow 2. regulate pressure 3. filtrate formation

what happens at renal corpuscle

filtrate produced

what happens in proximal tubule

reabsorption (tube to blood) 1. organic nutrients 2. water 3. electrolytes 4. ions

what does loop of henle contain

1. thick limb | 2. thin limb

what happens in thin limb

reabsorption (tube to blood) | - water

what happens in thick limb

reabsorption (tube to blood) 1. Na 2. Ca

what surrounds tubules in cortex

efferent arterioles from glomerulus

what is vasa recta

capillary bed in medulla

what is the function of vasa recta

reabsorb water to preserve salt gradient

what happens in distal tubule

``` secretion (blood to tube) 1. acids 2. toxins reabsorption (tube to blood) - Na ```

what regulates reabsorption

aldosterone (hormone forom adrenal gland)

what happens in collecting tubules and ducts

reabsorption (tube to blood) | - water

what hormone allows for reabsorption of water into blood

ADH

what is the function fo ADH

open aquaporins to allow water to move from tube to blood

what is result of reabsorption of water

concentrate urine

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM how are cells arranges when relaxed

stacked

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM how are cells arranges when stretched

side by side

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM what happens when transitional epithelial layer stretched

trigger urination

URETERS what is characteristic of ureters

impermeable

URETERS what do ureters contain

smooth muscle (for peristalsis)

URETERS how do ureters enter urinary bladder

through uretic orfices

what happens at uretopelvic junction

- stone leaving kidney | - T10 to L1

what happens at uretovesical junction

- stone entering urinary bladder | - L1 to L2

when stone crossing common iliac vessels

T11 to L2

what are layers of urinary bladder

1. transitional epithelium 2. lamina propria 3. submucosa 4. detrusor muscle

what is the function of sympathetic innervation

- stimulate contraction of internal urethral sphincter (closes) - inhibit contraction of detrusor (relax + fill )

what is the function of parasympathetic innervation

- inhibit contraction of internal urethral sphincter (opens) | - stimulate contraction of detrusor

what is the function of somatic innervation

control external urethral sphincter

what happens to epithelium in urethra

transitional to stratified

what are 3 parts of male urethra

1. prostatic 2. membranous 3. penile