GI SYSTEM 1.2 Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
MUSCULARIS EXTERNIS what is mucuslaris externis made of
A
smooth muscle
2
Q
MUSCULARIS EXTERNIS what is the function of muscularis externis
A
motility
3
Q
MUSCULARIS EXTERNIS how many layers of smooth muscle
A
2
- inner circular
- outer longitudinal
4
Q
MUSCULARIS EXTERNIS what is muscularis layer at beginning and end
A
somatic skeletal muscle
5
Q
MUSCULARIS EXTERNIS what controls smooth muscle
A
ANS
6
Q
MUSCULARIS EXTERNIS what plexus is located in muscularis externis layer
A
myenteric plexus
7
Q
MUSCULARIS EXTERNIS what is the function of myenteric plexus
A
control smooth muscle
8
Q
SEROSA what is serosa
A
serous mem
9
Q
SEROSA what is serous mem
A
simple squamous epithelium with CT
10
Q
SEROSA how many laters of serous mem
A
2
11
Q
SEROSA what is mesentery
A
2 layers of serous mem sandwiching vasculature
12
Q
GI ORGANS what are 4 accessory organs
A
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- salivary glands
13
Q
GI ORGANS what are 3 upper GI organs
A
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophagus
14
Q
GI ORGANS where is oral cavity located
A
under nasal cavity
15
Q
GI ORGANS where is pharynx located
A
- behind nasal cavity
- behind oral cavity
16
Q
GI ORGANS what occurs at esophagus
A
transition from skeletal to smooth muscle
17
Q
GI ORGANS where is peritoneal cavity
A
under diaphragm
18
Q
GI ORGANS where does duodenum receive its secretions
A
- liver
2. pancreas
19
Q
QUADRANTS how to obtain abdominal quadrants
A
draw 2 lines from belly button
- one horizontal
- one vertical
20
Q
QUADRANTS what are 4 quadrants
A
- upper R
- upper L
- lower R
- lower L
21
Q
GI ORGANS what is located in upper R (5)
A
- liver
- gallbladder
- duodenum
- R kidney
- head of pancreas
22
Q
GI ORGANS what is located in upper L (4)
A
- stomach
- spleen
- L kidney
- body and tail of pancreas
23
Q
GI ORGANS what is located in lower R (4)
A
- appendix
- ascending colon
- cecum
- ileum
24
Q
GI ORGANS what is located in lower L (3)
A
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- ileum
25
ABDOMINAL REGIONS how to obtain mid clavicular planes
draw 2 vertical lines going down middle of clavicles
26
ABDOMINAL REGIONS how to obtain subcostal plane
draw horizontal line underneath ribs
27
ABDOMINAL REGIONShow to obtain intertubercular plane
draw horizontal line at iliac crests or L5
28
ABDOMINAL REGIONS what are 3 regions
1. epigastric
2. umbilical
3. pubic
29
PERITONEUM what kind of mem is peritoneum
serous mem
30
PERITONEUM what does parietal peritoneum line
abdominal body wall
31
PERITONEUM what does visceral peritoneum line
organs of tube except pancreas
32
PERITONEUM what is the function of parietal peritoneum
separate peritoneal cavity from pelvic cavity
33
PERITONEUM what makes up mesentery
2 layers of visceral peritoneum sandwiching vasculature
34
PERITONEUM what is lesser omentum
mesentery going from lesser curvature of stomach to liver
35
PERITONEUM what is greater omentum
mesentery going from greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
36
PERITONEUM what makes a structure retroperitoneal (3)
1. attached to body wall
2. not surrounded by visceral peritoneum
3. behind visceral peritoneum
37
PERITONEUM what 4 structures are retroperitoneal
1. duodenum
2. ascending colon
3. descending colon
4. everything in pelvis
38
VASCULATURE where does vasculature come from
abdominal aorta
39
VASCULATURE what are 3 major branches of abdominal aorta
1. celiac trunk
2. superior mesenteric artery
3. inferiro mesenteric artery
40
what does celiac trunk supply
abdominal esophagus to duodenum
41
VASCULATURE what region is associated w foregut
epigastric
42
VASCULATURE what does SMA supply
descending part of duodenum to left colic flexure
43
VASCULATURE what is associated w midgut
umbilical
44
VASCULATURE what does IMA supply
left colic flexure to rectum
45
VASCULATURE what is associated w hindgut
pubic
46
VENOUS VASCULATURE what are 3 veins
1. splenic
2. superior mesenteric vein
3. inferior mesenteric vein
47
VENOUS VASCULATURE what do 3 veins lead to
portal vein
48
VENOUS VASCULATURE where does portal vein go
liver
49
VENOUS VASCULATURE what kind of blood goes to liver
1. deoxygenated
| 2. nutrient rich
50
ORAL CAVITY what is mucosa layer in oral cavity called
oral mucosa
51
ORAL CAVITY how is oral mucosa specialized
stratified squamous epithelium instead of simple squamous epithelium
52
ORAL CAVITY what happens in oral cavity (4)
1. sensory analysis of ingested food
2. mechanical digestion
3. chemical digestion
4. lubricate ingested food w saliva
53
ORAL CAVITY where is amylase found
saliva
54
ORAL CAVITY what is amylase involved in
chemical digestion of carbs
55
TEETH what are 3 parts of teeth
1. crown
2. neck
3. root
56
TEETH where is neck located
in gums
57
TEETH where is root located
areolar bone
58
TEETH what is periodontal ligament / gomphosis
fibrous connection bw root and areolar bone
59
TEETH what is the function of line of cement
resist pressure
60
TEETH what goes through root canal
neuro vascular bundle
61
TEETH where does neuro vasculature bundle end
pulp cavity
62
TEETH what is the function of neurovascular bundle
provide nutrients to root
63
TEETH where does growth occur
dentin
64
TEETH what is dentin unable to do
remodel
65
TEETH why is dentin unable to remodel
lacks vasculature
66
DENTITION what are teeth involved in
mechanical digestion
67
DENTITION what is the function of incisors
cut
68
DENTITION what is the function of canines
tear
69
DENTITION what is the function of premolars
crush
70
DENTITION what is the function of molars
grind
71
DENTITION how many incisors
2
72
DENTITION how many canines
1
73
DENTITION how many premolars
2
74
DENTITION how many molars
3
75
DENTITION what are baby teeth lacking
premolars
76
TONGUE what innervates tongue
CN12
77
TONGUE what are intrinsic muscles
muscles within tongue
78
TONGUE what is the function of intrinsic muscles
contract to change shape of mouth for speaking
79
TONGUE what are 4 extrinsic muscles
1. palatoglossus
2. styloglossus
3. hyoglossus
4. genioglossus
80
TONGUE what is palatoglossus
palate to tongue
81
TONGUE why is styloglossus
styloid to tongue
82
TONGUE what is hyoglossus
hyoid to tongue
83
TONGUE what is genioglossus
chin to tongue
84
TONGUE what is function of extrinsic muscles
move tongue during swallowing
85
TONGUE what is the function of terminal sulcus
separate anterior 2/3 from posterior 1/3
86
TONGUE what is anterior 2/3
body
87
TONGUE what is posterior 1/3
root
88
TONGUE what innervates body
mandibular
| CN V3
89
TONGUE what innervates root
glossopharyngeal
| CN IX
90
what innervates tongue for taste sensation
1. facial nerve CN VII
| 2. glossopharyngeal CN IX
91
SALIVARY GLANDS what are 2 secretions
1. serous
| 2. mucous
92
SALIVARY GLANDS what is serous secretion for
digestion
93
SALIVARY GLANDS what is mucous secretion for
lubrication
94
SALIVARY GLANDS what are 3 major salivary glands
1. parotid
2. sublingual
3. submandibular
95
SALIVARY GLANDS what does parotid gland secrete
serous
96
SALIVARY GLANDS where does duct empty (parotid)
oral vestibule
97
SALIVARY GLANDS what innervates parotid gland
glossopharyngeal CN IX
98
SALIVARY GLANDS what does sublingual gland secrete
mucous
99
SALIVARY GLANDS where does duct empty (sublingual)
underneath tongue
100
SALIVARY GLANDS what innervates sublingual gland
facial nerve CN VII
101
SALIVARY GLANDS what does submandibular gland secrete
1. serous
| 2. mucous
102
SALIVARY GLANDS where does duct empty (submandibular)
sublingual caruncle
103
SALIVARY GLANDS what innervates submandibular gland
facial nerve CN VII
104
SALIVARY GLANDS what stimulates secretion
parasympathetic
105
SALIVARY GLANDS what inhibits secretion
sympathetic
106
PHARYNX what kind of epithelium does pharynx have in mucosal layer
stratifies squamous epithelium
107
PHARYNX what are palatal muscles
tensor veli palatini
| tensor levator palatini
108
PHARYNX what is the function of palatal muscles
elevate soft palate
109
PHARYNX what are pharyngeal constrictors
1. superior
2. middle
3. inferior
110
PHARYNX what is the function of pharyngeal constrictors
1. elevate larynx
| 2. push bolus to esophagus
111
what is bolus
food mixed with saliva
112
PHARYNX what are steps of swallowing
1. contract tongue to push bolus to oropharynx + close nasopharynx
2. contract myohyloid to push bolus to oropharynx+ close nasopharynx
3. contract palatal muscles to push bolus to oropharynx + close nasopharynx
4. elevate pharynx
5. elevate trachea
6. contract pharyngeal constrictors
113
PERISTALSIS what is peristalsis
movement of food through tube
114
PERISTALSIS what is the function of circular smooth muscle
contracts to make sure bolus goes in one direction
115
PERISTALSIS what is the function of longitudinal muscles
contract to make sure food propelled further
116
PERISTALSIS what is segmentation
contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles at the same time
117
PERISTALSIS what happens during segmentation
- there is no forward movement
- there is break down of bolus
- there is compactionof bolus
118
PERISTALSIS where does compaction occur
- stomach for break down
| - colon forcompaction
119
ESOPHAGUS what does mucosal layer contain
simple squamous epithelium
120
ESOPHAGUS what does submucosa layer contain
extra glands
121
ESOPHAGUS what kind of muscle does esophagus contain in muscularis externis layer
1. skeletal
| 2. smooth
122
ESOPHAGUS what are mechanisms for acid reflux
1. cardiac sphincter
2. peristaltic clearance
3. extra submucosal glands to protect mucosal layer
4. mucous produced by stomach
