Urinary Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Regulates
Fluid volume
Blood pressure metabolic waist and drug exertion
Vitamin D conversion
Acid base balance
Hormone synthesis
A
urinary system
2
Q
Renin angiotensin
A
Blood pressure
3
Q
What is the final step to absorb calcium?
A
Vitamin D conversion
4
Q
How much blood does the kid kidneys filter every day?
A
120 to 140 L
Continuous filter
5
Q
how much blood does your kidney hold?
A
20% of your total blood
6
Q
Why is the right kidney lower?
A
Because of the liver
7
Q
outer portion
Contains nephrons
Steroids
A
The cortex
8
Q
inside portion
Secretes urine into tiny sack leg tubules
Epinephrine and Norepienpherine
A
Medulla
9
Q
internal
Moves urine out of the kidney into the ureter and bladder
A
Renal pelvis
10
Q
What side should you sleep on when pregnant?
A
Left
11
Q
where does oxygenated blood enter the kidneys?
Then branch into many____
A
Large renal arteries
Capillary groups
12
Q
made up of millions of microscopic filter units called nephron
A
Capillary groups
13
Q
Voluntary sphincter of the bladder
A
external urethral sphincter
14
Q
Involuntary sphincter of the bladder
A
Internal urethral sphincter
15
Q
Where are the kidneys located?
A
Retroperitoneal space
16
Q
supply each kidney with blood comes off the aorta
A
Renal artery
17
Q
surface on the kidney through which the renal artery and nerves enter and the renal vein and ureter exit
A
renal Hilum
18
Q
opening leading to the ureter
Trumpet
A
Renal pelvis
19
Q
Tubes which yarn drains into the renal pelvis
A
CALYCES
20
Q
Connective tissue surrounding the kidney
A
Renal capsule
21
Q
Where does the Real vain empty?
A
Inferior vena cava
22
Q
Transport urine from the pelvis to the bladder
A
Ureters
23
Q
Eliminate waste from blood, help regulate body, water, concentration, help regulate, blood pressure, help maintain a constant blood pH
A
Kidneys
24
Q
Help transport urine into the urinary bladder
A
URETERS
25
Transports urine to the outside of the body
Urethra
26
A
27
at what pressures on this sphincters and receptors send nerve impulses to the brain, triggered her in the urge to urinate
200 and 300 ML’s
28
How many ML’s within the bladder will make you pee your pants
Greater than 500
29
during urination, the _ contracts and the _relaxes, forcing urine out through the urethra
Bladder contracts
External sphincter relaxes
30
what is normal daily urine output
1500 ML’s
31
Double membrane that surrounds the glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
32
Cluster of capillaries
Glomerulus
33
The rate of blood flow through the glomerulus
Glomerular filtration rate
34
What is the best indicator of renal function?
Glomerular filtration rate
Normal 125 ML/min
35
Mechanically filters of blood
glomerulus
Bowmans capsule
36
reabsorbed 75% of water, salt, all glucose and amino acids
*all glucose
Proximal convoluted tube
37
sight of tubular secretion of *H+, potassium, and certain drugs
distal convoluted tubule
38
True
39
Blank is released from the kidney to produce red blood cells
Erythropoietin
40
post pituitary gland
Retains fluid
Anti-diuretic hormone
41
retain salt= retained water
Aldosterone
42
ammonia
urea
uric acid
Waste products
43
What is ammonia converted into?
Urea it’s toxic
44
Byproduct breakdown of protein
Ammonia
45
derived from ammonia
Excreted from kidneys and skin
Urea
46
removal of amine group of amino acids in the liver
Excreted in the kidneys
Ammonia
47
Nucleotide breakdown in liver
Excreted in kidneys
Uric acid
48
DNA/RNA broken down > uric acid
Nucleotide
Avoid organ meats
49
Without gout you should avoid ___meats
Organ meats
50
converts vitamin D to its active form
Secretes a bicarbonate or retains it
Excrete or retains hydrogen
Synthesizes erythropoietin and Renin
Renal activities
51
The end product of protein metabolism is___, which is excreted entirely by the kidneys,
Urea
BUN test
Indication of liver and kidney function
52
Breakdown of protein excreted by the kidneys
urea
Increase BUN means the kidneys are filtering low
53
what is the byproduct of muscle metabolism?
Creatinine
54
creatinine and phosphate is used in skeletal muscle contractions.
Serum creatinine
55
Where is creatinine excreted?
entirely by the kidneys, therefore it is indication of renal function
A 50% reduction in GFR doubles the creatinine level
56
D
57
involuntary urination by a child after 4 to 5 years of age
Causes might be psychological structural
Usually resolves, width or without treatment
ENURESIS
58
physical stress
Pregnant woman
Prostate removal can damage their urethra
Stress incontinence
59
Symptoms of an overactive and underactive bladder
Neurogenic bladder
60
saddle anesthesia
Gross loss of bowel and/or bladder control
Damage to the lower lumbar spine/sacrum nerve
neurogenic bladder: cauda Equina syndrome
61
C
62
Kidney development begins at about the__week of gestation
5th
63
what is the main component of amniotic fluid?
Urine
64
One big kidney because they never separate
Horseshoe kidney
65
Maybe asymptomatic, urgency, cloudy urine
UTI
66
inflammation of the bladder
The bladder and urethra walls become red and swollen
Caused by infection and irritant
Similar signs and symptoms of UTIs
Cystitis
67
glomeruli and nephrons
Flank pain -lower thoracic T 12 through L1 & L2
GlomeruloNephritis
68
damage to the Bowman capsule
*Protein is dumped into the urine
Dumps Albu into the urine
-Albumin is the main protein in the blood to regulate the control of fluids
Nephrotic syndrome
69
Nephritic syndrome
70
HTN
Color colored yarn -hematuria
Olguria-decrease urine output
Inflammation gloleruli
nephritic syndrome
71
decreased albumin
Increase lipids
Protein urea
Eye Edema > peripheral edema
Nephrotic syndrome
72
decreased albumin
Increase lipids
Protein urea
Eye Edema > peripheral edema
Nephrotic syndrome
73
Nephritic
74
Nephrotic
75
manifestations, severe UTI symptoms, flank pain, and increased blood pressure
Reach the kidney out to the cortex
Pyelonephritis
76
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones
77
unilateral -above the bladder
Bilateral -bladder down to urethra
hydronephrosis
78
hydronephrosis
79
Wilms tumor also known as nephroblastoma
80
Wilms tumor
81
manifestations – asymptomatic abdominal mass, high blood pressure, hematuria, urinary track infections
Hypertension, due to the decrease blood being filtered within the kidney
Wilms tumor
82
manifestations, asymptomatic, painless, hematuria, abnormal, urine, color, Dolan, achy, flank pain, weight loss*
Renal cell carcinoma
83
84
Bladder cancer
85
Manifestations – painless hematuria, abnormal, urine, color, frequency, dysuria, UTIs, and back or abdominal pain
Bladder cancer
86
line the bladder, allow the bladder to stretch and shrink to multiple shapes and sizes to cells
Transitional epithelium bladder cells
87
decreased testosterone causes prostate to grow
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
88
Urge to void, but have difficulty going with a strong flow
benign prostatic hyperplasia
89
genetic
Compress his kidney tissue and replace the nice functional nephron which decrease the function due to the lack of nephrons
Polycystic kidney disease
90
mutation on the short arm of the chromosomes 4 and 16*
Occurs in both children and adults, but is much more common than adults *
symptoms often do not show up until middle age*
Autosomal dominant, polycystic kidney disease
91
less common and more serious*
Appears in infancy or childhood
Progresses rapidly, resulting in end stage kidney failure***, and generally causing death and infancy or childhood
Autosomal, recessive, polycystic kidney disease
92
kidneys are unable to function adequately
classified as either acute or chronic
Renal failure
93
generally reversible
acute renal failure
94
Causes of acute renal failure
95
sudden and severe drop in blood pressure or interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from severe injury illness
Ex
extremely low blood pressure or blood volume
heart dysfunction
Pre-renal cause of acute renal failure
96
Direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduce blood supply
Ex:
reduced blood supply within the kidneys
hemolytic uremicc syndrome
Renal inflammation
toxic injury
Intrarenal conditions that caused acute renal failure
97
Sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder, tumor, or injury
Ex:
ureter obstruction
Bladder obstruction and dysfunction
Post renal causes of acute renal failure
98
Phases of acute renal failure
99
manifestations of acute renal failure
100
Chronic kidney disease
101
stage of kidney disease
Kidney damage present, but GFR is >90 and still normal
Stage one
102
Stage of chronic kidney disease
Kidney damage worsens as the GFR falls between 60 to 89
Stage two
103
Stages of chronic kidney disease
Kidney function is significantly impaired as the GFR is between 30 and 59
Stage three
104
Stages of chronic kidney disease
Kidney function is barely present with GFR dropping between 15 and 29
Stage four
105
Stages of chronic kidney disease
Kidney failure as the GFR drops to less than 15 or the patient begins dialysis
Stage five
106
Chronic kidney disease
107
D
108
Chronic kidney disease
