Urinary Bladder/Male Internal Reproductive Organs

Question 1

The urinary bladder is slightly lower in what gender?

Answer 1

Females

Question 2

When the bladder is empty, it lies in what part of the body?

Answer 2

Entirely within the pelvis resting against the pubis and adjacent pelvic floor

Question 3

When the bladder is filling, it moves to which area of the body?

Answer 3

Rises into the abdomen and may reach the level of the umbilicus

Question 4

At birth, what is the shape and location of the bladder?

Answer 4

Spindle-shaped and mostly in the abdomen

Question 5

What are the surfaces of the bladder?

Answer 5

Superior, left inferolateral, right inferolateral, fundus (base)

Question 6

What surfaces of the bladder meet to form the apex?

Answer 6

Superior and the two inferolateral surfaces in front

Question 7

What surfaces meet to form the neck of the bladder?

Answer 7

Inferolateral surfaces and fundus

Question 8

What is the path of the ureters?

Answer 8

Subperitoneally along the lateral wall of the pelvis and enter the bladder at its fundus

Question 9

Peritoneum overlies which surface of the bladder?

Answer 9

Superior surface

Question 10

Why does the position of the uterus cause frequent micturition during pregnancy?

Answer 10

Due to the body of the uterus overlying the bladder in females

Question 11

What is the retropubic space?

Answer 11

U-shaped space between the pubis and bladder that contains a retropubic fat pad

Question 12

Why do some long distance runners notice blood in their urine after a long run?

Answer 12

Retropubic fat pad sometimes is insufficient and repetitive trauma occurs from the bladder hitting the pubic symphysis during the run

Question 13

What are the two ligaments that function to hold the bladder in place?

Answer 13

Puboprostatic (pubovesical) ligament and lateral ligament of the bladder

Question 14

What does the puboprostatic ligament do?

Answer 14

Attaches the prostate gland (or neck of the bladder in the female) to the pubis

Question 15

What does the lateral ligament of the bladder do?

Answer 15

Passes from the base of the bladder to the rectovesical fold (males) or rectouterine fold (females)

Question 16

What is the smooth triangular structure located on the posterior and inferior wall of the bladder?

Answer 16

Trigone

Question 17

What is the importance of the flap-valve of the ureter?

Answer 17

Prevents reflux of urine heading back to the kidneys

Question 18

What happens to the ureter when the bladder is full and also during micturition?

Answer 18

Ureter is compressed (flap-valve)

Question 19

What opening of the trigone is located below and in front?

Answer 19

Internal urethral orifice

Question 20

What openings of the trigone are located above and behind?

Answer 20

Ureteric orifices

Question 21

How do the ureters travel within the bladder?

Answer 21

Obliquely in an inferomedial direction

Question 22

What is the feature that extends between each of the ureteric orifices?

Answer 22

Interureteric crest

Question 23

What is the median ridge which extends above and behind the internal urethral orifice?

Answer 23

Uvula of bladder

Question 24

What is the bundle of smooth muscle which lies within the wall of the bladder?

Answer 24

Detrusor muscle

Question 25

What is the circular layer of smooth muscle which surrounds the neck of the bladder in males?

Answer 25

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 26

What is the purpose of the internal urethral sphincter in males?

Answer 26

Prevents reflux of semen into the bladder during ejaculation

Question 27

The internal urethral sphincter is not present in which gender?

Answer 27

Females

Question 28

What arteries make up the blood supply of the urinary bladder?

Answer 28

Superior and inferior vesical arteries, vaginal artery

Question 29

What makes up the venous blood supply of the urinary bladder?

Answer 29

Prostatic (male) or vesical (female) plexus of veins

Question 30

Where do the prostatic (male) or vesical (female) plexus of veins empty into?

Answer 30

Internal iliac vein

Question 31

What is the innervation of the urinary bladder?

Answer 31

Prostatic and vesical plexuses

Question 32

The prostatic and vesical plexuses that innervate the urinary bladder are extensions of what?

Answer 32

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 33

Where are the sympathetic fibers from that innervate the urinary bladder?

Answer 33

Lower 3 thoracic and upper 2 lumbar levels

Question 34

Where are the parasympathetic fibers from that innervate the urinary bladder?

Answer 34

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

Question 35

What initiates the micturition reflex?

Answer 35

Bladder fullness

Question 36

When do we learn to suppress the micturition reflex?

Answer 36

During toilet training

Question 37

Activation of what fibers causes contraction of the detrusor muscle in both sexes and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter in males?

Answer 37

Parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

Question 38

During micturition, what is relaxed under voluntary control?

Answer 38

External urethral sphincter

Question 39

What are the 6 male internal reproductive organs?

Answer 39

Testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, prostate gland

Question 40

What is a thick-walled tube which carries sperm from the testis to the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 40

Ductus deferens

Question 41

Where does the ductus deferens begin?

Answer 41

At the tail of epididymis

Question 42

The ductus deferens travels within what structure as it enters the pelvis?

Answer 42

Spermatic cord

Question 43

The ductus deferens enters the pelvis through what structure?

Answer 43

Deep inguinal ring

Question 44

The ductus deferens crosses over what structure during its path?

Answer 44

Ureter

Question 45

The ductus deferens lies where in reference to the bladder?

Answer 45

Posterior

Question 46

The ductus deferens lies where in references to the seminal vesical?

Answer 46

Medial to it

Question 47

The ductus deferens joins what to form the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 47

Duct of the seminal vesicle

Question 48

What is the dilated terminal portion of the ductus deferens?

Answer 48

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Question 49

What is the innervation of the ductus deferens?

Answer 49

Superior and inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 50

What are the two lobulated glandular structures which lie lateral to the ampullae of the ductus deferens against the fundus of the bladder?

Answer 50

Seminal vesicles

Question 51

The seminal vesicle's lower ends become narrow and form ducts that join what structure to form the ejaculatory ducts?

Answer 51

Ductus deferens

Question 52

Do the seminal vesicles store sperm?

Answer 52

No

Question 53

What fluid is produced by the seminal vesicle?

Answer 53

Alkaline component of semen

Question 54

What is the purpose of the alkaline fluid prouduced by the seminal vesicle?

Answer 54

Neutralizes vaginal acidity so sperm can survive

Question 55

Where is sperm stored?

Answer 55

Epididymis

Question 56

The two ejaculatory ducts open onto what structure in the prostatic urethra?

Answer 56

Seminal colliculus

Question 57

What is the blood supply to the ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct?

Answer 57

Artery of the ductus deferens, inferior vesical artery, and middle rectal artery

Question 58

What is the most important artery for male internal reproductive organs?

Answer 58

Inferior vesical artery

Question 59

What type of fluid is produced by the prostate gland?

Answer 59

Neutral pH fluid

Question 60

What does it mean when we say that the prostate is a "mixed" gland?

Answer 60

It is made from smooth muscle, glandular tissue, and fibrous tissue

Question 61

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Answer 61

Production of semen

Question 62

Where does the prostate gland lie?

Answer 62

Below the bladder and surrounds the urethra

Question 63

The prostate gland lies where in references to the pubic symphysis?

Answer 63

Posterior

Question 64

The prostate gland lies where in reference to the rectal ampulla?

Answer 64

Immediately anterior

Question 65

The prostate gland can be palpated through what structure?

Answer 65

Rectal ampulla

Question 66

What part of the prostate gland lies anterior to the urethra and contains no glandular tissue?

Answer 66

Isthmus of Prostate

Question 67

What is the portion of the urethra which is surrounded by the prostate gland?

Answer 67

Prostatic urethra

Question 68

What is the median crest located on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra

Answer 68

Urethral crest

Question 69

What is the ovoid elevation located on the urethral crest?

Answer 69

Seminal colliculus

Question 70

What is the tiny blind pouch located on the seminal colliculus?

Answer 70

Prostatic utricle

Question 71

The prostatic utricle is homologous to what structure of the female?

Answer 71

Uterus

Question 72

What is the groove located lateral to the urethral crest that receives the ducts of the prostate gland?

Answer 72

Prostatic sinus

Question 73

What is the blood supply to the prostate gland?

Answer 73

Inferior vesical artery, middle rectal artery, and internal pudendal artery

Question 74

What is the innervation of the prostate gland?

Answer 74

Prostatic Plexus from the inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 75

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 75

Prostate enlargement due to influence of hormones

Question 76

What is the typical age of benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 76

After the age of 40

Question 77

What is an herbal treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 77

Saw Palmetto

Question 78

Benign prostatic hypertrophy can lead to what issues?

Answer 78

Difficulty in micturition through compression of the urethra

Question 79

What is one of the most common cancers among men?

Answer 79

Prostate cancer

Question 80

What is the location of prostate cancer metastasis?

Answer 80

Blood and lymph channels

Question 81

How is metastasis of prostate cancer to the vertebral column and plexus allowed?

Answer 81

Through connections between prostatic and sacral venous plexuses

Question 82

What types of issues in another bodily location commonly accompany prostate cancer?

Answer 82

Bone involvement

Question 83

What type of test is used for early detection of prostate cancer?

Answer 83

PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

Question 84

Chronic inflammation of the prostate or prostate cancer may caused referred pain in what location?

Answer 84

Sacrum

Question 85

What types of misalignment and subluxations maybe he related to prostate or bladder issues?

Answer 85

Sacral misalignment or L1, L2 subluxations