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Anatomy 3300 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

4 kidney functions

A

Filter blood
Remove waste and toxins though urine
Control blood composition
Produce hormones and chemicals

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2
Q

How much fluid does the kidney filter /day

A

200L

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3
Q

How much urine is produced/day

A

1.5 L

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4
Q

What 3 components of blood are controlled by kidneys

A

Water
Electrolytes
pH

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5
Q

2 products secreted by kidneys

A

Renin– blood pressure

EPO– red blood cells

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6
Q

What vertebrae do the kidneys span?

A

T12- L3

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7
Q

Hilum

A

Medial margin of kidney– Entrance and exit for renal artery and vein

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8
Q

Which is more left, IVC or AA?

A

Abdominal aorta

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9
Q

What branches off of the IVC and AA

A

IVC– right and left renal veins

AA- Right and left renal arteries

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10
Q

Which renal artery is longer

A

Right

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11
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

Right– pressed down by liver

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12
Q

3 structures next to right kidney

A

Liver
Ascending colon
Duodenum

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13
Q

5 structures next to left kidney

A 
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Descending colon
Jejunum
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14
Q

4 layers of kidney support

A

Parietal peritoneum
Renal fascia
Adipose capsule
Renal capsule

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15
Q

Renal capsule

A

Innermost layer, protects kidney

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16
Q

Adipose capsule

A

Protective fatty cushion below renal fascia

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17
Q

Renal fascia

A

Tough fibrous connective tissue anchors kidneys and adrenal glands– protects peritoneum from infection

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18
Q

2 things in the medulla of the kidney

A

Pyramids

Columns

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19
Q

Lobe

A

Renal pyramid and overlying cortex

- Produces urine

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20
Q

Flow of urine through renal sinus

A

Minor Calyx
Major calyx
Renal Pelvis
Ureter

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21
Q

6 big kidney blood supply vessels

A 
Renal
Segmental
Lobar
Interlobar
Arcuate
Interlobular
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22
Q

4 blood vessels in nephron

A

Afferent glomerular
Glomerulus
Efferent glomerular
Peritubular Capillaries

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23
Q

3 causes of kidney stones

A

Animal protein
High Na
Supplementary calcium

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24
Q

What size of stone will block ureter

A

Greater than 3mm

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25
Prevalence of kidney stones
8-10% | -- half the risk for women (estrogen as a protective factor)
26
Treatment for 70% of kidney stones
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
27
Hydronephrosis
Ureter blockage leads to urine back flow into kidney | -- water in kidney
28
3 causes of hydronephrosis
Kidney stones Tumour Pregnancy related compression
29
When do people need a kidney transplant
Less than 15% urinary function
30
Kidney Transplant
Third kidney inserted into pelvis. Renal artery of the kidney is connected the external iliac artery o f the recipient. The renal vein is attached to the external iliac vein. Ureter is attached to surface of the bladder
31
Nephron
Functional unit of kidney, absorbs ass much water as possible
32
Where does the urine produced by nephrons drain to
Thousands of collecting ducts collect urine and drain into minor calyx
33
Glomerulus
Cluster of blood vessels surrounded by the Bowman's capsule
34
Bowmans capsule
Cup shaped membranous structure that extracts waste and excess ions
35
Proximal convoluted tubule
First wiggly part of nephron circulation before loop of henle
36
Distal convoluted tubule
Follows the ascending limb of loop of henle, ends in collecting duct
37
Arcuate artery
Runs between medulla and cortex of kidney
38
Cortical Nephrons
85% of nephrons-- almost entirely in cortex
39
Peritubular Capillaries
Tiny branches off efferent arterioles for reabsorption, Surround PCT and DCT
40
Vasa recta
Peritubular capillaries covering the loop of henle
41
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Have a longer loop of henle that goes deeper into medulla. At the cortex-medulla interface, descending limb is more extensive
42
Renal tubule
Bowmans capsule, PCT, loop of henle, DCT
43
Renal corpuscle
Vascular connection between glomerulus and bowmans capsule
44
Renal tubule + corpuscle =
Nephron
45
Where do ureters start and how long are they
Begins at L2-- 25-30cm long
46
Are ureters retroperitoneal?
Yes
47
Where do ureters enter the pelvis
Bifurcation of common iliac artery (into external and internal ), crosses the IVC and AA to enter into posterior bladder wall
48
3 sites where ureter makes a sharp turn
Ureter/renal pelvis-- 90 degrees out of kidney Cross iliac artery 90 degree turn to enter bladder
49
Bladder location
Posterior to pubic symphysis
50
Bladder capacity
700-800mL | -- 400-600mL is stimulus for urination
51
Trigone
Smooth area without rugae in bladder, triangle between urethral and ureter openings
52
What would happen if there was no trigone
Stretching would close off the urethra
53
Where does the urethra exit the bladder
Neck
54
Internal urethral sphincter
At neck- controlled autonomically with detrusor muscles
55
External urethral sphincter
Floor of the pelvis-- skeletal muscle
56
Potential space found in males and females
Retropubic: Between pubic symphysis and bladder. Filled with fat
57
Retrovesical Pouch
Found in males behind bladder. Can be compromised by disease
58
Location of uterus
Between bladder and rectum
59
Rectouterine pouch
Between rectum and uterus
60
Vesiocouterine pouch
Between uterus and bladder
61
Blood supply to bladder
Internal iliac artery branches into superior and inferior vesical arteries-- superior to bladder
62
Urethral glands
Secrete a mucous lining to protect urethra from urine
63
Female urethra
4cm long straight tube from neck of bladder to vestibule | - Orifice and sphincters are all adjacent to each other
64
Male urethra
20 cm long, for urine and semen
65
Prostatic part of urethra
Most proximal-- internal sphincter to prostate gland, includes prostate and ejaculatory ducts
66
Membranous part of urethra
Shortest segment passes through floor of pelvis. Contains external sphincter
67
Spongy part of urethra
Longest section goes through penis | Contains ejaculatory duct and orifice
68
Corpus Spongosium
Spongy tissue in penis
69
Bulbourethal Duct
Contributes to ejaculate
70
Micturition
Urination
71
Causes of UTI
Ecoli, sex
72
UTI sex ratio
5:1 for women-- shorter urethras and are closer to internal organs
73
Age prevalences for UTI
Male-- risk increases with age as prostate enlarges | Female-- Highest risk at 20-30 when they are most sexually active
74
Urethritis
Dysuria Frequency and urgency increase Primarily effects women
75
Cystits
UTI ascends to bladder | Pyuria and bacteriuria make pee cloudy and smelly
76
Acute Pyelonephritis
UTI ascends to kidneys | Inflammation of calyces and pelvis
77
Erythropoietin
Stimulates RBC formation in bone marrow to increase oxygen carrying capacity
78
What 3 hypoxic conditions trigger EPO production
Reduced number of RBC-- blood donation Reduced availability of oxygen-- altitude Increased tissue demand for oxygen--exercise

Anatomy 3300 (6 decks)

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