V10 Flashcards
inhabited (adjective)
/ɪnˈhæbət̮əd/
-with people or animals living there
*The island is no longer inhabited.
*The building is now inhabited by birds.
(دارای سکنه,مسکون، آباد، پرجمعیت)
rodent (noun)
/ˈroʊdnt/
- any small animal that belongs to a group of animals with strong, sharp front teeth. Mice(جمع mouse) and rats(موش صحرایی) are rodents.
(جانور جونده )
invade (verb)
/ɪnˈveɪd/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they invade
he / she / it invades
past simple invaded
-ing form invading
1- [intransitive, transitive] to enter a country, town, etc. using military force in order to take control of it
*Troops invaded on August 9th that year.
2- [transitive] invade something to enter a place in large numbers, especially in a way that causes damage or confusion
*Demonstrators invaded the government buildings.
3- [transitive] invade something to affect something in an unpleasant or annoying way
*Does the press have the right to invade her privacy in this way?
(حمله کردن,تاخت و تاز کردن، هجوم کردن، تهاجم کردن، تجاوز کردن)
slave (noun)
/sleɪv/
—
slave (verb)
/sleɪv/
[intransitive] slave (away) (at something)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they slave
he / she / it slaves
past simple slaved
-ing form slaving
1- (chiefly in the past) a person who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for them
*She treated her daughter like a slave.
2- a person who is so strongly influenced by something that they cannot live without it, or cannot make their own decisions
* We are slaves of the automobile.
3- (technology) a device that is directly controlled by another one
(برده,غلام، بنده، اسیر، غلامی کردن، سخت کار کردن)
—
-to work very hard
*I’ve been slaving away all day trying to get this work finished.
*I haven’t got time to spend hours slaving over a hot stove (= doing a lot of cooking).
cattle (noun)
/ˈkæt̮l/
[plural]
- cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat
*a herd of cattle
*twenty head of cattle (= twenty cows)
(گاوها,احشام و اغنام، گله گاو)
layer (verb)
/ˈleɪər/
[often passive] layer something
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they layer
he / she / it layers
past simple layered
-ing form layering
- to arrange something in layers
*Layer the potatoes and onions in a dish.
*Her hair was layered (= cut to several different lengths).
assumption (noun)
/əˈsʌmpʃn/
1- [countable] a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof
*an underlying/implicit assumption
2- [countable, uncountable] assumption of something (formal) the act of taking or beginning to have power or responsibility
*their assumption of power/control
(فرض، گمان,قصد، انگاشت، پنداشت)
two cloves garlic
- [countable] a garlic clove a clove of garlic one of the small separate sections of a bulb (= the round underground part) of garlic
*Use one crushed clove of garlic.
chop (verb)
/tʃɑp/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they chop
he / she / it chops
past simple chopped
-ing form chopping
-to cut something into pieces with a sharp tool such as a knife
* He was chopping logs(تنه درخت) for firewood.
2- [usually passive] chop something (from something) (to something) (informal) to reduce something by a large amount; to stop something
= cut
*The share price was chopped from 50 cents to 20 cents.
3- chop somebody/something to hit someone or something with a short downward stroke or blow
stirring (noun)
/ˈstərɪŋ/
- stirring (of something) the beginning of a feeling, an idea, or a development
*She felt a stirring of anger.
*the first stirrings of spring in the air
(تکان دهنده، بهم زننده، هیجان اور، پر تحرک)
relief (noun)
/rɪˈlif/
1-[uncountable, singular] the feeling of happiness that you have when something unpleasant stops or does not happen
*a sense of relief
2- [uncountable] relief (from/of something) the act of removing or reducing pain, anxiety, etc.
*modern methods of pain relief
3- [uncountable] food, money, medicine, etc. that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster
= aid
*famine/disaster relief
4- [uncountable] financial help given by the government to people who need it
5- [uncountable]
= tax relief
*relief on mortgage interest payments
6- [uncountable, singular] something that is interesting or enjoyable that replaces something boring, difficult, or unpleasant for a short period of time
*a few moments of light relief in an otherwise dull performance
7- [countable] (often used as an adjective) a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick
*The next crew(خدمه) relief comes on duty at 9 o’clock.
8- [singular] relief of… the act of freeing a town, etc. from an enemy army that has surrounded it
*the relief of Mafeking
9- [uncountable, countable] a way of decorating wood, stone, etc. by cutting designs into the surface of it so that some parts stick out more than others; a design that is made in this way
*The bronze doors are covered with sculpted reliefs.
10- [uncountable] the effect of colors, light, etc. that makes an object more noticeable than others around it
*The snow-capped mountain stood out in sharp relief against the blue sky.
11- [uncountable] the quality of a particular situation, problem, etc. that makes it more noticeable than before
Their differences have been thrown into sharp relief by the present crisis.
(آرامش خاطر,کم کردن، برجسته کاری، معافیت، رهایی، کاهش، آسودگی، راحتی، فراغت، آزادی، اعانه، کمک، امداد، رفع نگرانی، تسکین)
association (noun)
/əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃn/
1- [countable] (abbreviation Assoc.) an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purpose
= organization
*Do you belong to any professional or trade associations?
2- [countable, uncountable] association (with somebody/something) a connection or relationship between people or organizations
*his alleged association with terrorist groups.
3- [countable, usually plural] an idea or a memory that is suggested by someone or something; a mental connection between ideas
*The beach has pleasant associations with childhood vacations for me.
4- [countable] a connection between things where one is caused by the other
*a proven association between passive smoking and cancer
(ارتباط,اجتماع، هم خوانی، پیوند، شرکت، انجمن، معاشرت، اتحاد، پیوستگی)
census (noun)
/ˈsɛnsəs/
(pl. censuses)
- the process of officially counting something, especially a country’s population, and recording various facts; the results of this process
*to take a census
*According to the 2008 census, there are 15.5 million Asian Americans living in the United States.
(امارگیری، سرشماری، امار، احصائیه، ممیزی مالیاتی)
entire (adjective)
/ɪnˈtaɪər/
[only before noun]
-(used when you are emphasizing that the whole of something is involved) including everything, everyone, or every part
= whole
*The entire village was destroyed.
*I wasted an entire day on it.
(کل، همه, کامل، همگی، تمام، درست، دست نخورده، بی عیب)
predominant (adjective)
/prɪˈdɑmənənt/
1- most obvious or noticeable
*a predominant feature
2- having more power or influence than others
= dominant
*a predominant culture
(غالب، مسلط، حکمفرما، نافذ، عمده، برجسته)
flexible (adjective)
/ˈflɛksəbl/
1- (approving) able to change to suit new conditions or situations
*a more flexible approach
2- able to bend easily without breaking
*flexible plastic tubing
Opposite inflexible
full-time job
burned-out (adjective)
(also burnt-out )
1- destroyed or badly damaged by fire
*a burned-out car
2- feeling as if you have done something for too long and need to have a rest
*I’m feeling burned-out at work—I need a vacation.
- feeling empty and mentally exhausted, devoid of motivation, and beyond caring. *People experiencing burnout often don’t see any hope of positive change in their situations
insurance (noun)
/ɪnˈʃʊrəns/
1- [uncountable, countable] an arrangement with a company in which you pay them regular amounts of money and they agree to pay the costs, for example, if you die or are sick, or if you lose or damage something
*health/life/car/travel, etc. insurance
2- [uncountable] the business of providing people with insurance
*He works in insurance.
3- [uncountable] money paid by or to an insurance company
*to pay insurance on your house
4- [uncountable, countable] insurance (against something) something you do to protect yourself against something bad happening in the future
*At that time people had large families as an insurance against some children dying.
(بیمه)
lay off (phrasal verb)
- lay off | lay off somebody/something (informal)
1-used to tell someone to stop doing something
*Lay off me will you—it’s got nothing to do with me.
*lay off doing something Lay off bullying Jack. - lay somebody—off
2-to stop employing someone because there is not enough work for them to do
related noun layoff
-lay off something (informal)
3-to stop using something
*I think you’d better lay off fatty foods for a while.
expense (noun)
/ɪkˈspɛns/
1- [uncountable] the money that you spend on something
*The yard was landscaped at great expense.
2- [countable, usually singular] something that makes you spend money
*Having a car is a big expense.
3- expenses [plural] money spent in doing a particular job, or for a particular purpose
*living/household/medical/legal, etc. expenses
4- expenses [plural] money that you spend while you are working that your employer will pay back to you later
*You can claim back your travel/entertainment(سرگرمی، تفریح) expenses.
(هزینه,برآمد، خرج، مخارج، مصرف)
get by
-to be able to live or deal with a situation with difficulty, usually by having just enough of something you need, such as money
*get by on
*How can he get by on so little money?
I’m just taking it a day at a time.
bargain (noun)
/ˈbɑrɡən/
1- a thing bought for less than the usual price
*I picked up a few good bargains at the sale.
2- bargain (with somebody) an agreement between two or more people or groups, to do something for each other
*He and his partner had made a bargain to tell each other everything.