V5 Flashcards

Question

fidget (verb) /ˈfɪdʒət/ [intransitive] Verb Forms present simple I / you / we / they fidget he / she / it fidgets past simple fidgeted -ing form fidgeting --- fidgety (adjective) = restless /ˈfɪdʒət̮i/ (informal)

Answer 1

-fidget (with something) to keep moving your body, your hands, or your feet because you are nervous, bored, excited, etc. *Sit still and stop fidgeting! --- -(of a person) unable to remain still or quiet, usually because of being bored or nervous = restless *The children get fidgety if they have nothing to do.

Answer 2

1- if someone or something has a particular tendency, they are likely to behave or act in a particular way *to display artistic, etc. tendencies 2-tendency (for somebody/something) (to do something) tendency (to/toward something) a new custom that is starting to develop =trend *There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.

Answer 3

1- to try to prevent(ممانعت کردن) something or to prevent someone from doing something, especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it *a campaign to discourage smoking among teenagers 2- to make someone feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing something = dishearten * Don't be discouraged by the first failure—try again! Opposite encourage --- *Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult. --- *a discouraging experience/response/result (دلسرد کردن,بی جرات ساختن، سست کردن، مایوس کردن)

Answer 4

1-[transitive, intransitive] to give something, especially money or goods, to help someone or something *contribute something (to/toward something) /We contributed $5,000 to the earthquake fund. 2- [intransitive] contribute (to something) to be one of the causes of something *Medical negligence(غفلت) could have contributed to her death. 3- [intransitive, transitive] to increase, improve, or add to something *Immigrants have contributed to American culture in many ways. 4- [transitive, intransitive] to write things for a newspaper, magazine, or a radio or television program; to speak during a meeting or conversation, especially to give your opinion. * She contributed a number of articles to the magazine مشارکت

Answer 5

-general health and happiness *emotional/physical/psychological well-being *to have a sense of well-being *We try to ensure the well-being of our employees.

Answer 6

-a sore area on the outside of the body or on the surface of an organ inside the body which is painful and may bleed or produce a poisonous substance *a stomach ulcer زخم

Answer 7

1-[often passive] concern somebody to affect someone; to involve someone *Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you. 2- concern something be concerned with something to be about something *The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina. 3- to worry someone * What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change. 4- concern yourself with/about something to take an interest in something *He didn't concern himself with the details. 5- be concerned to do something (formal) to think it is important to do something *She was concerned to write about situations that everyone could identify with.

Answer 8

1- completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity = vital *an essential part/ingredient/component of something Opposite dispensable 2- [only before noun] connected with the most important aspect or basic nature of someone or something = fundamental *The essential difference between Sara and me is in our attitude to money.

Answer 9

1- that will last or have an effect over a long period of time *a long-term strategy. 2-that is not likely to change or be solved quickly *long-term unemployment

Answer 10

1- (especially of a disease) lasting for a long time; difficult to cure or get rid of *chronic bronchitis/arthritis/asthma 2- having had a disease for a long time *a chronic alcoholic/depressive --- *a hospital for the chronically ill

Answer 11

1- (of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great, and often surprising *a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement 2- exciting and impressive *a dramatic victory 3- [usually before noun] connected with the theater or plays *a local dramatic society 4- exaggerated in order to create a special effect and attract people's attention *He flung out his arms in a dramatic gesture. --- *Prices have fallen dramatically. *Events could have developed in a dramatically different way. (به طور چشمگیری)

Answer 12

1- [countable, uncountable] a difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together; the fact of comparing two or more things in order to show the differences between them *contrast (between A and B) There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West. 2- [countable] contrast (to somebody/something) a person or thing that is clearly different from someone or something else *The work you did today is quite a contrast to (= very much better/worse than) what you did last week. 3- [uncountable] differences in color or in light and dark, used in photographs and paintings to create a special effect. *The artist's use of contrast is masterly. 4- [uncountable] the amount of difference between light and dark in a picture on a television, computer, etc., screen *Use this button to adjust the contrast.

Answer 13

1-a person who is eligible for something or to do something is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc. *Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment. Opposite ineligible 2- an eligible young man or woman is thought to be a good choice as a husband/wife, usually because they are rich or attractive --- *Marriage to a national gave automatic eligibility for citizenship.

Answer 14

- a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does *correlation (between A and B) There is a direct correlation between exposure(در معرض گذاری) to sun and skin cancer. *correlation (of A with B) the correlation of social power with wealth (ارتباط)

Answer 15

1- petition (against/for something) a written document signed by a large number of people that asks someone in a position of authority to do or change something *a petition against experiments on animals 2- (law) an official document asking a court to take a particular course of action *a bankruptcy(ورشکستگی) petition. 3- (formal) a formal prayer to God or request to someone in authority

Answer 16

1- donate something (to somebody/something) to give money, food, clothes, etc. to someone or something, especially a charity *He donated thousands of dollars to charity. 2- donate something (to somebody/something) to allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help someone who needs it *All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections.

Answer 17

1- [countable] an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood, or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage = catastrophe *an air disaster *environmental disasters 2-[countable, uncountable] a very bad situation that causes problems *Losing your job doesn't have to be such a disaster. *Disaster struck when the wheel came off. *financial disaster 3-[countable, uncountable] (informal) a complete failure *As a teacher, he's a disaster. (فاجعه,مصیبت,بلاء)

Answer 18

-near in position; not far away *Her mother lived in a nearby town. *There were complaints from nearby residents(ساکنان).

Answer 19

1- [transitive] to go to someone for information or advice * If the pain continues, consult your doctor. 2- [transitive, intransitive] to discuss something with someone to get their permission for something, or to help you make a decision * You shouldn't have done it without consulting me. 3- [transitive] consult something to look in or at something to get information = refer to *He consulted the manual. (مشورت کردن,همفکری کردن، رایزنی کردن، کنکاش کردن، مشورت کردن، مشورت خواستن از، مشورت)

Answer 20

1- correct and true in every detail *an accurate description/account/calculation. 2- able to give completely correct information or to do something in an exact way *a highly accurate electronic compass. 3- an accurate throw, shot, weapon, etc. hits or reaches the thing that it was aimed at. Opposite inaccurate (دقیق، صحیح، درست) --- *The article accurately reflects public opinion. *You need to hit the ball accurately.

Answer 21

1- [countable] demand (for something/that…) a very firm request for something; something that someone needs. *a demand for higher pay 2- demands [plural] demand (of something) demand (on somebody) things that someone or something makes you do, especially things that are difficult, make you tired, worried, etc. *the demands of children/work 3- [uncountable, countable] demand (for something/somebody) the desire or need of customers for goods or services that they want to buy or use. *to meet the demand for a product. (تقاضا,درخواست کردن، نیاز، احتیاج، خواستارشدن، درخواست، طلب، تقاضا کردن، نیاز)

Answer 22

1- written or said at the beginning of something as an introduction to what follows synonym opening. *introductory chapters/paragraphs/remarks. 2- intended as an introduction to a subject or an activity for people who have never done it before. *introductory courses/lectures 3- offered for a short time only, when a product is first on sale *a special introductory price of just $10 (دیباچه ای، وابسته به مقدمه، معارفه ای)

Answer 23

- extremely interesting and attractive *a fascinating story/subject *The results of the survey made fascinating reading.

Answer 24

1- [countable, uncountable] the system of money that a country uses *trading in foreign currencies. 2- [uncountable] the fact that something is used or accepted by a lot of people *The term “post-industrial” now has wide currency.

Answer 25

- a person or company that has a contract to do work or provide goods or services for another company *a building/landscaping, etc. contractor *to employ an outside contractor (پیمانکار، مقاطعه کار)

Answer 26

a store that is one of a series of similar stores owned by the same company فروشگاه زنجیری

Answer 27

1- something that you are trying to achieve = goal *the main/primary/principal objective. 2- (also objective lens) (technology) the lens in a telescope or microscope that is nearest to the object being looked at (هدف، مراد)

Answer 28

1- similar in every detail *a row of identical houses *The two pictures are similar, although not identical. 2- the identical [only before noun] the same *This is the identical room we stayed in last year. --- *The children were dressed identically

Answer 29

1- (sport or law) used to show that two teams or sides are against each other *It is Texas versus Nebraska in the championship game. *in the case of Roe versus Wade. 2- used to compare two different ideas, choices, etc. *It was the promise of better job opportunities versus the inconvenience of moving away and leaving her friends. (در مقابل, علیه، برضد، در برابر)

Answer 30

- very interested in something or someone so that you are not paying attention to anything else *She seemed totally absorbed in her book. (جذب شده)

Answer 31

- to watch someone or something and make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly = supervise *United Nations observers oversaw the elections. (نظارت کردن,سرکشی کردن، مباشرت کردن، سرپرستی کردن)

Answer 32

1- the natural features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, rivers, and forests, when you are thinking about them being attractive to look at *The scenery is magnificent(با شکوه، چشمگیر، مجلل). 2-the painted background that is used to represent natural features or buildings on a theater stage (منظره,چشم انداز، صحنه سازی)

Answer 33

-very simple plants with no real leaves, stems, or roots that grow in or near water, including seaweed(علف دریایی، جلبک دریایی) (خزه دریایی، جلبک) --- *algal blooms(رشد انفجاری)/growth

Answer 34

1- [not before noun] knowing or realizing something *As you're aware, this is not a new problem. *Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved. 2- [not before noun] noticing that something is present, or that something is happening * She slipped away without him being aware of it. 3- (used with an adverb) interested in and knowing about something, and thinking it is important *Young people are very environmentally aware. Opposite unaware ((از چیزی) آگاه بودن,آگاه، باخبر، با اطلاع، ملتفت، مواظب)

Answer 35

1- irrigate something to supply water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow *irrigated land/crops 2- irrigate something (medical) to wash out a wound or part of the body with a flow of water or liquid --- *irrigation channels *Irrigation has increased the area of cultivable(قابل کشت) land. (ابیاری کردن، اب دادن (به))

Answer 36

1- [only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing, or type of thing and not others = specific *There is one particular patient I'd like you to see. 2- [only before noun] greater than usual; special *We must pay particular attention to this point. 3- particular (about/over something) very definite about what you like and careful about what you choose = fussy (داد وبیداد کن (برای چیزهای جزئی)، ایراد گیر) *She's very particular about her clothes

Answer 37

1- a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family *the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty. 2- a period of years during which members of a particular family rule a country *a Ming dynasty vase (گلدان) 3- a series of people from the same family who play an important role in business, politics, or another field *the Rothschild banking dynasty (سلسله، دودمان، خاندان پادشاهان) --- *dynastic history

Answer 38

1-[uncountable] a collection of valuable things such as gold, silver, and jewelry *buried treasure. 2- [countable, usually plural] a highly valued object *the priceless art treasures of the Metropolitan Museum. 3- [singular] a person who is much loved or valued *Liz is an absolute treasure—I couldn't do without her.

Answer 39

1- having a lot of experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture, and other things that people think are socially important *the sophisticated pleasures of city life. 2- (of a machine, system, etc.) advanced and complicated in the way that it works or is presented *highly sophisticated computer systems. 3- (of a person) able to understand difficult or complicated ideas a sophisticated audience. Opposite unsophisticated (فرهیخته، امروزی, خبره و ماهر، درسطح بالا، )

Answer 40

1-an organized trip with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known *to plan/lead/go on an expedition to the North Pole. 2- the people who go on an expedition *Three members of the Everest expedition were killed. 3- (sometimes humorous) a short trip that you make when you want or need something *a shopping expedition (سفر اکتشافی، سفر با هدف تعیین شده)

Answer 41

- the person who is officially responsible for a department, etc. *the in charge of the district(منطقه، ناحیه) hospital

Answer 42

-based on situations or ideas that are possible and imagined rather than real and true *a hypothetical question/situation/example.

Answer 43

1-[countable] a sum of money that someone owes *I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 2-[uncountable] the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot pay *He died heavily in debt. 3-[countable, usually singular] the fact that you should feel grateful to someone because they have helped you or been kind to you *to owe a debt of gratitude to someone *I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers.

Answer 44

1-[intransitive, transitive] admit (to somebody) (that…) to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true =confess *It was a stupid thing to do, I admit. 2- [intransitive, transitive] to say that you have done something wrong or illegal =confess to *He refused to admit to the other charges. 3- [transitive] to allow someone or something to enter a place * Each ticket admits one adult. 4- [transitive] to allow someone to become a member of a club, a school, or an organization * The society admits all U.S. citizens over 21. 5- [transitive, often passive] admit somebody to/into a hospital, an institution, etc. to take someone to a hospital or other institution where they can receive special care *Two crash victims were admitted to the local hospital.

Answer 45

1-to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence *Rumors of job losses were later confirmed. 2-confirm something confirm somebody (in something) to make someone feel or believe something even more strongly *The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 3- confirm something to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish someone or something firmly *After a six-month probationary period, her position was confirmed. 4- [usually passive] confirm somebody to make someone a full member of the Christian Church *She was baptized when she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen. 5- [usually passive] confirm somebody to perform a ceremony when a young person has completed their high school Jewish studies

Answer 46

مبلغ مذهبی

Answer 47

-an occasion when someone sees someone or something, especially something unusual or something that lasts for only a short time *a reported sighting of Elvis Presley *This was the first sighting of the comet(ستاره دنباله دار) for 1,000 years.

Answer 48

-a scientist who studies zoology جانورشناس

Answer 49

1-dissect something to cut up a dead person, an animal, or a plant in order to study it *The biology students had to dissect a rat(موش صحرایی). 2-dissect something to study something closely and/or discuss it in great detail *Her latest novel was dissected by the critics(منتقدان). 3-dissect something to divide something into smaller pieces, areas, etc. *The city is dissected by a network of old canals. -- *anatomical dissection *Your enjoyment of a novel can suffer from too much analysis and dissection.

Answer 50

1-a small amount of something that shows what the rest of it is like = sample *Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 2-a single example of something, especially an animal or a plant *The aquarium has some interesting specimens of unusual tropical fish. 3-a small quantity of blood, urine, etc. that is taken from someone and tested by a doctor *to provide/take a specimen

Answer 51

-to have an angry argument or disagreement *My sister and I used to quarrel all the time. *quarrel (with somebody) (about/over something) She quarreled with her brother over their father's will.

Answer 52

-having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed = characteristic *clothes with a distinctive style *The male bird has distinctive white markings on its head. --- *a distinctively nutty flavor (متمایز)

Answer 53

1- [uncountable] comparison (with somebody/something) the process of comparing two or more people or things *Comparison with other oil-producing countries is extremely interesting. 2- [countable] an occasion when two or more people or things are compared *a comparison of the rail systems in Japan and the U.S.

Answer 54

1- to say that something that someone else has said is wrong, and that the opposite is true * All evening her husband contradicted everything she said. 2-contradict something contradict each other (of statements or pieces of evidence) to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong *The two stories contradict each other. (تناقض داشتن با,مخالف بودن با)

Answer 55

دوباره تحلیل شد

Answer 56

-a small wild animal with red-brown fur, a long thin body, and short legs. Weasels eat smaller animals. --- weasel out (of something) (informal) (disapproving) -to avoid doing something that you ought to do or have promised to do *He's now trying to weasel out of our agreement.

Answer 57

1- a person in your family who lived a long time ago = forebear *His ancestors had come to America from Ireland. 2-an animal that lived in the past, that a modern animal has developed from *a reptile(خزنده) that was the common ancestor of lizards and turtles. 3-an early form of a machine that later became more developed = forerunner *The ancestor of the modern bicycle was called a penny-farthing. --- *her ancestral home (= that had belonged to her ancestors) جد

Answer 58

-the series of families that someone comes from originally *a French nobleman of ancient(باستانی) lineage = ancestry (اصل و نسب)

Answer 59

-as compared to something or someone else = relatively *The unit is comparatively easy to install and cheap to operate. *He died comparatively young (= at a younger age than most people die). *comparatively few/low/rare/recent به صورت مقایسه ای

Answer 60

1- without a sharp edge or point *a blunt knife *This pencil is blunt! Opposite sharp 2- (of a person or remark) very direct; saying exactly what you think without trying to be polite *She has a reputation for being blunt.

Answer 61

-plants in general, especially the plants that are found in a particular area or environment *The hills are covered in lush(سرسبز) green vegetation. *Desert areas have little vegetation.

Answer 62

1-(of parts of the body or people) having a lot of flesh *fleshy arms/lips. *a large fleshy man. 2-(of plants or fruit) thick and soft *fleshy fruit/leaves گوشتی

Answer 63

plural of leaf

Answer 64

- good at doing something that is quite difficult = skilful *He became adept at getting even the shyest students to talk ماهر

Answer 65

1- [intransitive] forage (for something) (especially of an animal) to search for food *The female only leaves the young when she forages for food. 2-[intransitive] forage (for something) (of a person) to search for something, especially using the hands =rummage (زیر و رو کردن) *Her assistant was foraging in a cabinet for some envelopes.

Answer 66

1- [uncountable] the fair treatment of people *laws based on the principles of justice 2-[uncountable] the quality of being fair or reasonable *Who can deny the justice of their cause? Opposite injustice 3- [uncountable] the legal system used to punish people who have committed crimes *the criminal justice system 4- Justice [countable] a judge in a court (also used before the name of a judge) (دادگستری؛ عدالت, انصاف، درستی، دادگستری، )

Answer 67

- convict somebody (of something) to decide and state officially in court that someone is guilty of a crime *a convicted murderer *He was convicted of fraud. (محکوم کردن, مقصر دانسته شدن، مجرم، جانی، محبوس) --- -a person who has been found guilty of a crime and sent to prison *an escaped convict

Answer 68

1-set someone or something free *Death released him from his suffering. *to release a prisoner/hostage 2- stop holding something *He refused to release her arm. = let somebody/something go, let somebody/something loose. 3- feelings *She burst into tears, releasing all her pent-up emotions. 4- free someone from duty *The club is releasing some of its older players. 5- part of machine *to release the clutch/handbrake/switch, etc. 6- make less tight *You need to release the tension in these shoulder muscles. 7- release something to make something available to the public. *to release a movie/book/CD. 8- release something to make something available that had previously been restricted *The new building program will go ahead as soon as the government releases the funds.

Answer 69

1- [transitive] commit a crime, etc. to do something wrong or illegal *to commit murder/adultery, etc. 2- [transitive] commit suicide to kill yourself deliberately (تعمدا,با تامل، با مشورت، عمدا) 3- [transitive, often passive] to promise sincerely that you will definitely do something, keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc. *The President is committed to reforming health care. 4- [transitive] commit yourself (to something) to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it *You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it. 5- be loyal *Why are so many men scared to commit? (= say they will be loyal to one person) 6- money/time *The mayor has committed large amounts of money to housing projects. 7- to hospital/prison *She was committed to a psychiatric hospital. 8- something to memory *She committed the instructions to memory. 9- something to paper/writing (مرتکب شدن؛ تعهد دادن,متعهد به انجام امری نمودن، سرسپردن، به کار بردن نیروها، وارد عمل کردن نیروها، انجام دادن، اعزام داشتن برای (مجازات و غیره))

Answer 70

- a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities *You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly; those are the two alternatives. *We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. (راهکار جایگزین، راه دیگر) --- 1-(also al‧ter‧nate) that can be used instead of something else *an alternative method of doing something 2-different from the usual or traditional way in which something is done *alternative comedy/music/lifestyles/values

Answer 71

1- (formal) making you feel strong and healthy again *the restorative power of fresh air. 2- (medical) connected with treatment that repairs the body or a part of it *restorative dentistry/surgery --- -a thing that makes you feel better, stronger, etc. *Sleep is the best restorative there is.

Answer 72

1- a person who commits a crime *a persistent/serious/violent, etc. offender *a young offender institution 2- a person or thing that does something wrong *The report on sexual discrimination at work shows that some of the worst offenders are women. (مجرم,متخلف، تخطی کننده، متجاوز، )

Answer 73

-to act in a way that is out of control : to act wildly. * We were just talking when he suddenly went crazy and started screaming. *The crowd went crazy when the team won the championship.

Answer 74

1- [intransitive, transitive] to ask someone for something in a very strong and serious way = beg * She pleaded with him not to go. 2- [intransitive, transitive, no passive] to state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime *(+ adj.) to plead guilty/not guilty. 3- [transitive] plead something to present a case to a court They hired a top lawyer to plead their case. 4- [transitive, no passive] plead something (for something) plead that… to give something as an explanation or excuse for something *He pleaded family problems for his lack of concentration. 5- [transitive, intransitive] to argue in support of someone or something * She appeared on television to plead the cause of political prisoners everywhere.