VFI-L3-Keeping fit Flashcards
(41 cards)
(noun): health benefit/ risks/ problems/ care/ education/ system
(adjective): in good/ in poor/ in excellent health
*a healthy appetite (اشتها)/ diet/ economy/ disrespect for authority
- in fixed pattern= regular
*quickly= briskly (brisk adjective) - little by little= gradually
*a strong suggestion= recommendation
*speed= pace
*get better= recover - doing something to excess (اضافه)= overdoing
- every second one= alternate(متناوبا عوض کردن)= swap
- very important= vital
*food scientists= dietitian
*neither small nor large= moderate
*serving= portions - missing out on= skipping
*limit= curb - desire to eat= appetite
- totally remove= eliminate (از بین بردن، ریشه کن کردن)
*a condition that cause illness if you eat certain foods= allergy
*activate= trigger
- allergy(n)/ allergic(adj)
*benefit(n , v)/ beneficial (adj)
*harm(n , v)/ harmful (adj) &Op harmless
*health (n)/ healthy (adj) &Op unhealthy
*infection (n)/ infect (v) &Op disinfect/ infectious (adj) {عفونت,سرایت مرض}
*nutrition (n){تغذیه}/ nourish (v)/ nutritious (adj)
*obesity (n)/ obese (adj)
*prevention (n)/ prevent (v)/ preventable (adj)
*recommendation (n)/ recommend (v)/ recommended (adj) - variety (n)/ vary(v)/ various, varied (adj)
stroke (noun)
/stroʊk/
1- an act of hitting a ball, for example with a golf club or racket
*What a beautiful stroke!
2- a single movement of the arm when hitting someone or something
*His punishment was six strokes of the cane.
3- any of a series of repeated movements in swimming or rowing
*She took a few more strokes to reach the bank.
4- (often in compounds) a style of swimming
*Butterfly is the only stroke I can’t do.
5-the person who sets the speed at which everyone in a boat rows
6- a sudden serious illness when a blood vessel (= tube) in the brain bursts or is blocked, which can cause death or the loss of the ability to move or to speak clearly
*to have/suffer a stroke
7- [usually singular] an act of moving your hand gently over a surface, usually several times
*He gave the cat a stroke.
8- a mark made by moving a pen, brush, etc. once across a surface
*to paint with fine brush strokes
9- stroke (of something) a single successful action or event
*Your idea was a stroke of genius.
10-each of the sounds made by a clock or bell giving the hours
*At the first stroke it will be 9 o’clock exactly.
(نوازش کردن,ضربه مهارشده، ضربه با کنترل، زمان، مرحله، سکته، ضربه، ضربت، لطمه، ضرب، حرکت، تکان، لمس کردن، دست,کشیدن روی، نوازش کردن، زدن)
rarely (adverb)
/ˈrɛrli/
1- not very often
*She is rarely seen in public nowadays.
2- (formal)
*Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention.
nutrient (noun)
/ˈnutriənt/
(technology)
- a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to help it to grow
*a lack of essential nutrients
*Plants draw minerals and other nutrients from the soil
ingredient (noun)
/ɪnˈɡridiənt/
ingredient (of/in/for something)
1- one of the things from which something is made, especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish
*Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries.
2-one of the things or qualities that are necessary to make something successful
*the essential ingredients for success
(ماده اولیه غذا، هر یک از اجزای تشکیل دهنده چیزی,جزء ترکیبی، (در جمع) اجزاء، ذرات، داخل شونده، عوامل، عناصر)
tempt (verb)
/tɛmpt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they tempt
he / she / it tempts
past simple tempted
-ing form tempting
1- to attract someone or make someone want to do or have something, even if they know it is wrong
*tempt somebody (into something/into doing something)// I was tempted by the dessert menu.
2- to persuade or try to persuade someone to do something that you want them to do, for example by offering them something
*tempt somebody (into something/into doing something)// How can we tempt young people into engineering?
(وسوسه کردن,اغوا کردن، فریفتن، دچار وسوسه کردن)
appetite (noun)
/ˈæpəˌtaɪt/
1- [uncountable, countable, usually singular] physical desire for food
*He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite.
2- [countable] a strong desire for something
*sexual appetites
*The preview was intended to whet your appetite (= make you want more).
(اشتها,میل و رغبت ذاتی، آرزو، اشتیاق)
eliminate (verb)
/ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they eliminate
he / she / it eliminates
past simple eliminated
-ing form eliminating
—
elimination ( noun [uncountable, countable])
/ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃn/
1- to remove or get rid of something or someone
*eliminate something/somebody// Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.
2- eliminate somebody (from something) [usually passive] to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc.
=knock somebody—out (of something)
*Her team was eliminated in the early stages of the competition.
3- eliminate somebody (formal) to kill someone, especially an enemy or opponent
*Most of the regime’s left-wing opponents were eliminated.
(از بین بردن، ریشه کن کردن, زدودن، حذف کردن، محو کردن، (از معادله) بیرون کردن، رفع کردن، برطرف کردن)
—
*the elimination of disease/poverty/crime
artery (noun)
/ˈɑrt̮əri/
(pl. arteries)
—
arterial (adjective [only before noun])
/ɑrˈtɪriəl/
1- any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body
*blocked arteries
*arterial blood/disease
treatment (noun)
/ˈtritmənt/
1- [uncountable, countable] treatment (for something) something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make someone look and feel good
*He is receiving treatment for shock.
2- [uncountable] a way of behaving toward or dealing with a person or thing
*the brutal treatment of political prisoners
3- [uncountable, countable] a way of dealing with or discussing a subject, work of art, etc.
*Shakespeare’s treatment of madness in “King Lear”
4- [uncountable, countable] a process by which something is cleaned, or protected against something
*a sewage(فاضلاب) treatment plant
cure (verb)
/kyʊr/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they cure
he / she / it cures
past simple cured
-ing form curing
1- cure somebody (of something) to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness
*Will you be able to cure him, doctor?
2- cure something to make an illness go away
*TB is a serious illness, but it can be cured.
3- cure something to deal with a problem successfully
*I finally managed to cure the rattling noise in my car.
4- cure somebody of something to stop someone from behaving in a particular way, especially a way that is bad or annoying.
5- cure something to treat food or tobacco with smoke, salt, etc. in order to preserve it.
(درمان,علاج، دارو، شفا دادن، بهبودی دادن، عمل آوردن، خیساندن)
bathe (verb)
/beɪð/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they bathe
he / she / it bathes
past simple bathed
-ing form bathing
1- [intransitive] to take a bath
*I bathe every day.
2- [transitive] bathe somebody to give someone a bath
*Have you bathed the baby yet?
3- [transitive] bathe something to wash something with water, especially a part of your body
*Bathe the wound and apply a clean dressing.
4- [transitive] bathe something (in something) (literary) to fill or cover something with light
*The moon bathed the countryside in silver light.
5- [intransitive] (old-fashioned) to go swimming in the sea, a river, etc. for enjoyment.
(شست و شو کردن، استحمام کردن)
writhe (verb)
/raɪð/
[intransitive] writhe (about/around) (in/with something)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they writhe
he / she / it writhes
past simple writhed
-ing form writhing
1- to twist or move your body without stopping, often because you are in great pain
*She was writhing around on the floor in agony.
2- (figurative)
*He was writhing (= suffering a lot) with embarrassment.
((از شدت درد یا شرم) بخود پیچیدن، پیچ و تاب خوردن، ازرده شدن)
notion (noun)
/ˈnoʊʃn/
- an idea, a belief, or an understanding of something
*notion (of something) //a political system based on the notions of equality and liberty
*She had only a vague notion of what might happen.
staple (adjective)
/ˈsteɪpl/
[only before noun]
- forming a basic, large, or important part of something
*The staple crop is rice.
*Jeans are a staple part of every teenager’s wardrobe.
convenient (adjective)
/kənˈvinyənt/
—
conveniently (adverb)
1- convenient (for somebody/something) useful, easy, or quick to do; not causing problems
*It is very convenient to pay by credit card.
2- convenient (to something) near to a particular place; easy to get to
*The hotel is convenient to downtown.
&Opposite inconvenient
—
*The report can be conveniently divided into three main sections.
*The hotel is conveniently situated close to the beach.
persistent (adjective)
/pərˈsɪstənt/
—
persistently (adverb)
1- determined to do something despite difficulties, especially when other people are against you and think that you are being annoying or unreasonable
*How do you deal with persistent salesmen who won’t take no for an answer?
2- continuing for a long period of time without interruption, or repeated frequently, especially in a way that is annoying and cannot be stopped
= unrelenting
*persistent rain
(مزمن، ادامه دار,پایدار، دیرپای، ماندگار، مصر، پایا، مداوم، ایستادگی کننده، سمج)
—
*They have persistently denied claims of illegal trading.
apparatus (noun)
/ˌæpəˈræt̮əs/
(pl. apparatuses) (formal)
1- [uncountable] the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task
*a piece of laboratory apparatus
2- [countable, usually singular] the structure of a system or an organization, particularly that of a political party or a government
*the power of the state apparatus
3- [countable, usually singular] (technology) a system of organs in the body
*the sensory apparatus
(وسیله,اسباب، آلت، دستگاه، لوازم، ماشین، جهاز)
acute (adjective)
/əˈkyut/
—
acuteness (noun [uncountable])
1- very serious or severe
*There is an acute shortage of water.
*acute pain
2- an acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous
*acute appendicitis
&Opposite chronic
3- (of the senses) very sensitive and well developed
= keen
*Dogs have an acute sense of smell.
4- intelligent and quick to notice and understand things
*He is an acute observer of the social scene.
5- (geometry) (of an angle) less than 90°
(حاد,تیز رو، نوک تیز، (طب) حاد، بحرانی، زیرک، تیز نظر، شدید، (سلسله اعصاب) حساس، زاویه حاد، زاویه تند)
inability (noun)
/ˌɪnəˈbɪlət̮i/
[uncountable, singular] inability (to do something)
-the fact of not being able to do something
*the government’s inability to provide basic services
*Some families go without medical treatment because of their inability to pay.
&Opposite ability
onset (noun)
/ˈɑnsɛt/ , /ˈɔnsɛt/
[singular]
-the beginning of something, especially something unpleasant
*the onset of disease/old age/winter
disrupt (verb)
/dɪsˈrʌpt/
disrupt something
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they disrupt
he / she / it disrupts
past simple disrupted
-ing form disrupting
—
disruption (noun [uncountable, countable])
/dɪsˈrʌpʃn/
-to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way
*Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting.
*Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.
(مختل کردن,از هم گسیختن، بهم زدن قوا، منقطع کردن، درهم گسیختن)
—
*We aim to help you move house with minimum disruption to your life.
*disruptions to rail services
