VFI-L4-lifestyles Flashcards
(23 cards)
- making a living= earning money
- a lifetime opportunity
*standard of living
*everyday living expense (هزینه, خرج، مخارج، مصرف) - lifelong ambition
- found a way to make a living from their hobby.
*self-expression - a feeling of doing what you have always wanted to do: personal fulfilment
*a deep understanding = insight (درک عمیق)
- strong feeling = intense sense
- desire to win= sense of competition
*satisfies people’s desire = fulfil their need - making things=creativity
*attracts= appeals to - type of people you are= your personality
*a feature of = aspect
*something that is done for enjoyment in your free time= leisure activity/ hobby/ recreational (تفریح، سرگرمی) activity
*things you do everyday= daily routine
- life has its ups and downs (realist)
*live life on the edge (to engage in risky or daring activities, often seeking excitement and thrill)
*life is full of disappointments (pessimist)
achieve: a goal/ a balance
make: a living/ a decision/ a change/ a choice
meet: a need
miss : a chance/ an opportunity
play: a role
put: pressure (on)
set: a goal
take: a chance/ an opportunity
pessimist (noun)
/ˈpɛsəmɪst/
—
pessimistic (adjective)
/ˌpɛsəˈmɪstɪk/
pessimistic (about something)
—
pessimistically (adverb)
/ˌpɛsəˈmɪstɪkli/
-a person who always expects bad things to happen
*You don’t have to be a pessimist to realize that we’re in trouble.
&Opposite optimist
—
-expecting bad things to happen or something not to be successful; showing this
*I think you’re being far too pessimistic.
&Opposite optimistic
—
optimist (noun)
/ˈɑptəmɪst/
—
optimistic adjective
/ˌɑptəˈmɪstɪk/
—
optimistically (adverb)
/ˌɑptəˈmɪstɪkli/
-a person who always expects good things to happen or things to be successful
*He’s an incurable optimist.
&Opposite pessimist
—
- expecting good things to happen or something to be successful; showing this feeling
= positive
&Opposite pessimistic
*optimistic (about something)// She’s not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.
—
*He spoke optimistically about better relations between the two countries.
realist (noun)
/ˈriəlɪst/
—
realistic (adjective)
/ˌriəˈlɪstɪk/
1- a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is and does not try to pretend that it is different
*I’m a realist—I know you can’t change people overnight.
1- accepting in a sensible way what it is actually possible to do or achieve in a particular situation
*a realistic assessment
2- sensible and appropriate; possible to achieve
= feasible, viable
*We must set realistic goals.
3- representing things as they are in real life
*realistic graphics
&Opposite unrealistic
ambivalent (adjective)
/æmˈbɪvələnt/
ambivalent (about/toward somebody/something)
—
ambivalence (noun [uncountable, singular])
/æmˈbɪvələns/
—
ambivalently (adverb)
-having or showing both good and bad feelings about someone or something
*She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job.
—
*ambivalence (about/toward somebody/something) There was ambivalence among church members about women becoming priests.
*risk-taker
refer to (phrasal verb)
refer to somebody/something (as something)
-to mention or speak about someone or something
*The victims were not referred to by name.
—
refer to somebody/something
1- to describe or be connected to someone or something
*The star refers to items which are intended for the advanced learner.
2- to look at something or ask a person for information
=consult
*You may refer to your notes if you want.
—
refer somebody/something to somebody/something
-to send someone or something to someone or something for help, advice, or a decision
*My doctor referred me to a specialist.
ambition (noun)
/æmˈbɪʃn/
—
ambitious (adjective)
/æmˈbɪʃəs/
1- [countable] something that you want to do or achieve very much
*It had been her lifelong ambition.
*political/presidential/nuclear ambitions
2- [uncountable] the desire or determination to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.
*motivated by personal ambition
(بلند پروازی,بلند همتی، جاه طلبی، آرزو، جاه طلب بودن)
—
1-determined to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.
*a fiercely ambitious young manager
2- needing a lot of effort, money, or time to succeed
*Jogging every morning? That’s very ambitious, isn’t it?
&Opposite unambitious
inevitable (adjective)
/ɪnˈɛvət̮əbl/
—
inevitably (adverb)
/ɪnˈɛvət̮əbli/
—
inevitability (noun [uncountable, singular])
/ɪnˌɛvət̮əˈbɪlət̮i/
1- that you cannot avoid or prevent
= unavoidable
*It was an inevitable consequence of the decision.
2- [only before noun] (often humorous) so frequent that you always expect it
*toddlers and their inevitable tantrums
3- the inevitable noun [singular] something that is certain to happen
*You have to accept the inevitable.
(اجتناب ناپذیر)
—
1- as is certain to happen
*Inevitably, the press exaggerated the story.
2- (often humorous) as you would expect
*Inevitably, it rained on the day of the wedding.
—
*the inevitability of death
*There was an inevitability about their defeat.
leisure (noun)
/ˈliʒər/ , /ˈlɛʒər/
[uncountable]
- time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
*These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.
*leisure activities/interests/pursuits
classify (verb)
/ˈklæsəˌfaɪ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they classify
he / she / it classifies
past simple classified
-ing form classifying
1- classify something to arrange things in groups according to features that they have in common
*The books in the library are classified according to subject.
2- classify somebody/something as something to decide which type or group someone or something belongs to
*Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
3- classify something to make documents or information officially secret or available only to people with special authority
*Government officials classified 6.3 million documents in 2008.
(طبقه بندی کردن, رده بندی کردن، دسته بندی کردن)
satisfy (verb)
/ˈsæt̮əsˌfaɪ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they satisfy
he / she / it satisfies
past simple satisfied
-ing form satisfying
—
satisfied (adjective)
/ˈsæt̮əsˌfaɪd/
—
1- satisfy somebody (not used in the progressive tenses) to make someone pleased by doing or giving them what they want
*Nothing satisfies him—he’s always complaining.
2- satisfy something to provide what is wanted, needed, or asked for
*The food wasn’t enough to satisfy his hunger.
3- (not used in the progressive tenses) to make someone certain something is true or has been done
*satisfy somebody Her explanation did not satisfy the teacher.
—
1- pleased because you have achieved something or because something that you wanted to happen has happened
*a satisfied smile
&Opposite dissatisfied
2- satisfied (that…) satisfied (with something) believing or accepting that something is true
= convinced
*I’m satisfied that they are telling the truth.
fulfill (verb)
/fʊlˈfɪl/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they fulfill
he / she / it fulfills
past simple fulfilled
-ing form fulfilling
—
fulfillment (noun [uncountable])
1- fulfill something to do or achieve what was hoped for or expected
*to fulfill your dream/ambition/potential
2- fulfill something to do or have what is required or necessary
*to fulfill a duty/an obligation/a promise
3- fulfill something to have a particular role or purpose
*Preschools should fulfill the function of preparing children for school.
4- fulfill somebody/yourself to make someone feel happy and satisfied with what they are doing or have done
*I need a job that really fulfills me.
(محقق کردن، برآورده کردن,انجام دادن، تکمیل کردن، تمام کردن، برآوردن، واقعیت دادن)
—
*the fulfillment of a dream.
*to find personal fulfillment.
insight (noun)
/ˈɪnsaɪt/
—
insightful (adjective)
/ɪnˈsaɪtfl/
(approving)
1- [uncountable] (approving) the ability to see and understand the truth about people or situations
*a writer of great insight
2- [countable, uncountable] insight (into something) an understanding of what something is like
*The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico.
(بینش، درک عمیق,بصیرت، فراست، چشم باطن، درون بینی)
—
-showing a clear understanding of a person or situation
= perceptive
*an insightful historian
intense (adjective)
/ɪnˈtɛns/
—
intensely (adverb)
1- very great; very strong
= extreme
*intense heat/cold/pain
2- serious and often involving a lot of action in a short period of time
*intense competition
3- (of a person) having or showing very strong feelings, opinions, or thoughts about someone or something
*an intense look
—
*She disliked him intensely.
competition (noun)
/ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃn/
1- [uncountable] competition (between/with somebody) (for something) a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for something that not everyone can have
*There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.
2- [countable] an event in which people compete with each other to find out who is the best at something
*a music/photo, etc. competition
3- the competition [singular] the people who are competing against someone
*We’ll be able to assess the competition at the conference.
recreational (adjective)
/ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənl/
- connected with activities that people do for enjoyment when they are not working
*recreational activities/facilities
*These areas are set aside for public recreational use.
(روحیه و رفاه، سرگرمی (تفریح)، خلق مجدد، تفریح، سرگرمی)
spoil (verb)
/spɔɪl/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they spoil
he / she / it spoils
past simple spoiled
(British English also) past simple spoilt
-ing form spoiling
1- [transitive] spoil something to change something good into something bad, unpleasant, useless, etc.
= ruin
*Our camping trip was spoiled by bad weather.
2- [transitive] spoil somebody to give a child everything that they ask for and not enough discipline in a way that has a bad effect on their character and behavior
= overindulge
*She spoils those kids of hers.
3- [transitive] spoil somebody/yourself to make someone/yourself happy by doing something special
*Why not spoil yourself with a weekend in a top hotel?
4- [intransitive] (of food) to become bad so that it can no longer be eaten
(خراب کردن، تباه کردن,تضییع، کاهش، غنیمت، یغما، تاراج، سود باد آورده، فساد، تباهی، از بین بردن، غارت کردن)
materialistic (adjective)
/məˌtɪriəˈlɪstɪk/
(disapproving)
- caring more about money and possessions than anything else
*Children today are so materialistic.
(مادی گرا,وابسته به مادیات، مربوط به ماده گرایی)
regret (verb)-(noun)
/rɪˈɡrɛt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they regret
he / she / it regrets
past simple regretted
-ing form regretting
—
regretful (adjective)
/rɪˈɡrɛtfl/
1- to feel sorry about something you have done or about something that you have not been able to do
*regret something// If you don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it.
2- (formal) used to say in a polite or formal way that you are sorry or sad about a situation
*regret something// The airline regrets any inconvenience.
—
*feeling or showing sadness or disappointment because of something that has happened or something that you have done or not done
= rueful
*a regretful look
ahead of time (idiom)
—
ahead of your time (idiom)
- earlier than a particular moment:
*Let’s meet for lunch. I’ll call you ahead of time to decide exactly when and where.
—
*We had a date for lunch, and I said I’d call her ahead of time to decide where.
—
-having very modern ideas:
*He was way ahead of his time in realizing the importance of being able to record sound.
